SFI SYSTEM, Diagnostic DTC:P137800

DTC Code DTC Name
P137800 Pre-ignition Detected

DESCRIPTION

If sudden early ignition (pre-ignition) occurs continuously in a short period of time, a DTC is stored. Pre-ignition is a phenomenon inherent to small displacement forced-induction engines. Atomized engine oil and detached deposits (carbon) can cause pre-ignition and promote engine knocking during low-speed, high-output operation. This is higher pressure knocking than normal knocking.

Pre-ignition is detected by the knock control sensor.

When pre-ignition occurs, the ECM limits output to suppress the pre-ignition. If pre-ignition occurs continuously, fuel cut may be performed in some situations, which may cause vehicle behavior similar to hesitation or shift shock. This is not a malfunction.

As pre-ignition cannot be detected if a knock control sensor malfunction occurs, the same fail-safe control occurs as for strong knock detection.

Tip:

  • When this DTC is stored, the ECM enters fail-safe mode.

  • During fail-safe mode, the ECM limits the output.

  • Fail-safe mode continues until a pass condition is detected.

DTC No.

Detection Item

DTC Detection Condition

MIL

Memory

Note

P137800

Pre-ignition Detected

Continuous pre-ignition prevention fuel-cut control is performed twice (1 trip detection logic).

Continuous pre-ignition prevention fuel-cut control operation conditions: Sudden early ignition (pre-ignition) occurs 5 times or more continuously in a short period of time.

Does not come on

DTC stored

SAE Code: P1378

Trouble Area

Ignition system

  • Ignition malfunction of ignition coil assembly or spark plug

Fuel injection system

  • Decrease in fuel injection volume

Lubrication system

  • High oil consumption

  • Dilute / deteriorated oil

  • Additive

Fuel system

  • Diesel fuel contamination

  • Addition of fuel additives

  • Fuel pump assembly

  • Low quality fuel

Engine related

  • Accumulated deposit (in combustion chamber)

Intake system

  • Air leaks

Exhaust system

  • Clogged exhaust system component
Tip:

  • As strong knocking due to pre-ignition may be caused by multiple superimposed factors, it is important to comprehensively investigate all possible causes.

  • The risk of this occurring is increased if driving up a steep incline while towing in a low gear, as low-speed, high-output operation occurs.

CAUTION / NOTICE / HINT

Tip:

  • If the customer reports a knocking sound or drivability problems, check the value of Data List items "Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #1 History" through "Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #4 History".

  • If the distance traveled recorded in the Data List subtracted from the value of Distance for Control is equal to the customer reported mileage of the vehicle when control occurred subtracted from the current vehicle mileage, explain to the customer that this condition is due to normal control to prevent pre-ignition and not a malfunction.

  • Read Freeze Frame Data using the GTS. The ECM records vehicle and driving condition information as Freeze Frame Data the moment a DTC is stored. When troubleshooting, Freeze Frame Data can help determine if the vehicle was moving or stationary, if the engine was warmed up or not, if the air fuel ratio was lean or rich, and other data from the time the malfunction occurred.

PROCEDURE

  1. CHECK ANY OTHER DTCS OUTPUT (IN ADDITION TO DTC P137800)

    1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.

    2. Turn the ignition switch to ON.

    3. Turn the GTS on.

    4. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Trouble Codes.

    5. Read the DTCs.

      Powertrain > Engine > Trouble Codes

      Result

      Result

      Proceed to

      DTC P137800 is output

      A

      DTC P137800 and other DTCs are output

      B
      Tip:

      If any DTCs other than P137800 are output, troubleshoot those DTCs first.

    B

    GO TO DTC CHART

    Click here

    A

  2. READ FREEZE FRAME DATA

    1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.

    2. Turn the ignition switch to ON.

    3. Turn the GTS on.

    4. Using the GTS, confirm the vehicle conditions recorded in the Freeze Frame Data which were present when the DTC was stored.

      Powertrain > Engine > DTC(P137800) > Freeze Frame Data

      Tester Display

      Vehicle Speed

      Engine Speed

      Vehicle Load

      Coolant Temperature

      Short FT B1S1

      Long FT B1S1

      Fuel System Status Bank 1

      Misfire Count Cylinder #1

      Misfire Count Cylinder #2

      Misfire Count Cylinder #3

      Misfire Count Cylinder #4
      Tip:

      • Check the Freeze Frame Data sets recorded the moment the DTC was stored and after the DTC was stored.

      • Using the Freeze Frame Data, confirm the vehicle conditions when the DTC was stored, such as if the engine was idling with the shift lever in P, D or N (neutral) or if the vehicle was being driven at a constant speed or accelerating.

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

  3. READ VALUE USING GTS

    1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.

    2. Start the engine.

    3. Turn the GTS on.

    4. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #1 History 1 to Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #4 History 4, Fuel Cut History 1 to Fuel Cut History 4

      Powertrain > Engine > Data List

      Tester Display

      Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #1 History 1

      Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #1 History 2

      Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #1 History 3

      Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #1 History 4

      Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #2 History 1

      Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #2 History 2

      Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #2 History 3

      Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #2 History 4

      Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #3 History 1

      Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #3 History 2

      Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #3 History 3

      Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #3 History 4

      Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #4 History 1

      Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #4 History 2

      Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #4 History 3

      Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #4 History 4

      Fuel Cut History 1

      Fuel Cut History 2

      Fuel Cut History 3

      Fuel Cut History 4

    5. According to the Freeze Frame Data, attempt to reproduce the vehicle conditions that were present when the DTC was stored and read the Data List.

      Result

      Result

      Proceed to

      Values are displayed for multiple consecutive prevention cylinder histories of a specific cylinder

      A

      Values are displayed for multiple consecutive prevention cylinder histories of all cylinders

      B
      Tip:

      • If values are displayed for multiple consecutive prevention cylinder histories of a specific cylinder, check the value of Freeze Frame Data items Misfire Count Cylinder #1 through #4. If the misfire count of that cylinder is high, the cylinder is malfunctioning.

      • If the vehicle conditions when the DTC was stored cannot be reproduced, read the value of Freeze Frame Data items Misfire Count Cylinder #1 through #4 to determine if only a specific cylinder or all cylinders are malfunctioning.

    B

    READ VALUE USING GTS (SHORT FT B1S1 AND LONG FT B1S1)Click here

    A

  4. CHECK IGNITION SYSTEM

    1. Check the ignition system.

      Tip:

      • Interchange the ignition coil assembly and spark plug of the malfunctioning cylinder with those of a known good cylinder and according to the Freeze Frame Data, check if the malfunctioning cylinder returns to normal.

      • Read the Data List items Misfire Count Cylinder #1 to #4 while performing this procedure to determine which cylinder is malfunctioning.

      Result

      Result

      Proceed to

      The malfunctioning cylinder returns to normal

      A

      The malfunctioning cylinder does not return to normal

      B
    A

    REPAIR OR REPLACE MALFUNCTIONING PARTSClick here

    B

  5. INSPECT OTHER RELATED COMPONENTS

    1. Check the power source circuit, wire harness and connectors.

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

    REPAIR OR REPLACE MALFUNCTIONING PARTSClick here

  6. READ VALUE USING GTS (SHORT FT B1S1 AND LONG FT B1S1)

    1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.

    2. Start the engine.

    3. Turn the GTS on.

    4. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / Short FT B1S1 and Long FT B1S1.

      Powertrain > Engine > Data List

      Tester Display

      Short FT B1S1

      Long FT B1S1

    5. According to the Freeze Frame Data, attempt to reproduce the vehicle conditions that were present when the DTC was stored and read the Data List.

      Result

      Data List

      Result

      Proceed to

      Short FT B1S1 + Long FT B1S1

      -15% or higher, or less than 15%

      A

      Other than above

      B
      Tip:

      • If the vehicle conditions when the DTC was stored cannot be reproduced, read the value of Freeze Frame Data items Short FT B1S1 and Long FT B1S1 to perform judgment.

      • "Total FT Bank 1" is used to detect an abnormal air fuel ratio. As the value of "Total FT Bank 1" is corrected by the ECM before it is displayed in the Data List, the displayed value may not be equal to the sum of the measured "Short FT B1S1" and "Long FT B1S1".

      • An abnormally lean or rich tendency can be checked by reading the following Data List items: A/F Learn Value Idle Bank 1, A/F Learn Value Low Bank 1, A/F Learn Value Mid No.1 Bank 1, A/F Learn Value Mid No.2 Bank 1 and A/F Learn Value High Bank 1.

      • The following may cause a lean air fuel ratio (an operating range in which the air fuel ratio learned value correction is +15% or more):

        1. Decrease in fuel injector assembly injection volume

        2. Decrease in mass air flow meter sub-assembly output (due to existence of foreign matter)

        3. Air leaks in intake system after mass air flow meter sub-assembly

        4. Decrease in fuel pressure (at fuel filter, fuel pump, fuel main valve assembly or fuel suction plate sub-assembly)

      • On vehicles which the learning value for each operating range can be checked, if the value of "A/F Learn Value High Bank 1" only is corrected to the positive side, a malfunction in the fuel system (clogging of the fuel pump or fuel filter) is suspected.

      • On vehicles which the learning value for each operating range can be checked, if the value of "A/F Learn Value Idle Bank 1" and "A/F Learn Value Low Bank 1" only is corrected to the positive side, an air leak after the mass air flow meter sub-assembly is suspected.

      • The following may cause a rich air fuel ratio (an operating range in which the air fuel ratio learned value correction is -15% or less):

        1. Increase in the fuel injector assembly injection volume

        2. Purge VSV system

    B

    READ VALUE USING GTS (MASS AIR FLOW SENSOR)Click here

    A

  7. INTERVIEW THE CUSTOMER

    1. Interview the customer for details about when oil maintenance was last performed and what brand of oil was used.

      1. Check whether the specified engine oil grade was used and that engine oil additives were not used.

      2. Perform an engine oil inspection (check the oil level and for dirt, etc.).

        Click here

    OK

    No problem with the engine oil.

    Tip:

    • Strong knocking due to pre-ignition may be due to ignition of atomized engine oil under certain conditions.

    • The risk of this occurring may be increased if the engine oil used is not the specified oil grade.

    • The risk of this occurring may be increased if engine oil additives have been used.

    • As strong knocking due to pre-ignition may be caused by multiple superimposed factors, even if the engine oil inspection result is NG, perform the following inspections after replacing the engine oil.

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

  8. INTERVIEW THE CUSTOMER

    1. Interview the customer for details about what fuel they have used and smell the fuel to check for the following.

      • If the fuel smells like a mixture of gasoline and diesel fuel, etc..

      • If there is a possibility that diesel fuel may have be added by mistake.

      • If the malfunction started after refueling at an unfamiliar gas station.

      • If fuel additives have been used.

      Tip:

      Even if any of the above conditions are met, if the engine is not malfunctioning, fill the fuel tank at a different gas station and check if the malfunction recurs.

      Result

      Result

      Proceed to

      None of the above conditions are met and the engine is not malfunctioning

      A

      One or more of the above conditions are met and the engine is malfunctioning

      B
      Tip:

      • Strong knocking due to pre-ignition may be caused by the type fuel used.

      • The risk of pre-ignition occurring may be increased depending on the ingredients of fuel additives used.

      • Even if no abnormalities are found in this inspection, if a malfunction occurs after the vehicle has been refueled, a problem with the fuel is suspected.

    B

    REPLACE FUELClick here

    A

  9. INSPECT OTHER RELATED COMPONENTS

    1. Check for accumulated deposits (carbon) and remove them. Deposits (carbon) may act as an ignition source if they become detached, leading to pre-ignition.

      Tip:

      Strong knocking due to pre-ignition may be caused by detached deposits burning inside the cylinder.

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

    REPAIR OR REPLACE MALFUNCTIONING PARTSClick here

  10. REPLACE FUEL

    1. Replace the fuel.

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

    CONDUCT CONFIRMATION TESTClick here

  11. READ VALUE USING GTS (MASS AIR FLOW SENSOR)

    1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.

    2. Turn the ignition switch to ON.

    3. Turn the GTS on.

    4. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / Engine Speed, Mass Air Flow Sensor and Coolant Temperature.

      Powertrain > Engine > Data List

      Tester Display

      Engine Speed

      Mass Air Flow Sensor

      Coolant Temperature

    5. Start the engine and warm it up until the engine coolant temperature 75°C (167°F) or higher with all the accessories switched off.

    6. According to the display on the GTS, read the Data List when the ignition switch to ON and while maintaining an engine speed of 3000 rpm.

      Result

      Result

      Proceed to

      Ignition switch to ON (engine stopped): 0.57 gm/sec or higher

      Engine speed 3000 rpm (without load): Less than 5.7 gm/sec

      A

      Other than above

      B
    B

    PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (CONTROL THE INJECTION VOLUME)Click here

    A

  12. CHECK INTAKE SYSTEM

    1. Check for air leaks or blockage in the intake system components. If a connection problem or foreign matter is found, repair the connection or remove the foreign matter.

      Tip:

      • If there is foreign matter in the intake system components, remove it before proceeding to the next step.

      • If there is no foreign matter in the intake system components, check for foreign matter in the mass air flow meter sub-assembly. If there is foreign matter in the mass air flow meter sub-assembly, remove it.

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

    REPAIR OR REPLACE MALFUNCTIONING PARTSClick here

  13. PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (CONTROL THE INJECTION VOLUME)

    1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.

    2. Turn the ignition switch to ON.

    3. Turn the GTS on.

    4. Start the engine and warm it up until the engine coolant temperature 75°C (167°F) or higher with all the accessories switched off.

    5. Warm up the air fuel ratio sensor at an engine speed of 2500 rpm for 90 seconds.

    6. Idle the engine.

    7. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Active Test / Control the Injection Volume / Data List / Coolant Temperature, A/F (O2) Sensor Voltage B1S1 and A/F (O2) Sensor Current B1S2.

      Powertrain > Engine > Active Test

      Active Test Display

      Control the Injection Volume

      Data List Display

      Coolant Temperature

      A/F (O2) Sensor Voltage B1S1

      A/F (O2) Sensor Current B1S2

    8. According to the display on the GTS, perform the Active Test and check the vehicle conditions when increasing and decreasing the fuel injection volume.

      Tip:

      • The air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1) has an output delay of a few seconds and the air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 2) has a maximum output delay of approximately 20 seconds.

      • Read the output values immediately after warming up the air fuel ratio sensors to avoid an inaccurate reading due to a sensor cooling.

      • Increase and decrease the fuel injection volume simultaneously and check the vehicle condition.

      • Change the fuel injection volume between the minimum and maximum range of correction (e.g. -12.5% to 24.8%).

      Standard

      GTS Display

      (Sensor)

      Injection Volume

      Value

      A/F (O2) Sensor Voltage B1S1

      (Air fuel ratio (sensor 1))

      24.8%

      Below 3.1 V

      -12.5%

      Higher than 3.4 V

      A/F (O2) Sensor Current B1S2

      (Air fuel ratio (sensor 2))

      24.8%

      Below -0.86 mA

      -12.5%

      More than 0.33 mA

      Result

      Result

      Proceed to

      Output values are abnormal

      A

      Malfunction disappears when fuel injection volume is increased

      B

      Malfunction is still present when fuel injection volume is increased, even if output values are normal

      C
    B

    REPLACE FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLYClick here

    C

    PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (ACTIVATE THE CIRCUIT RELAY)Click here

    A

  14. REPLACE AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR (SENSOR 1) AND AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR (SENSOR 2)

    1. Replace the air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1).

      Click here

      Tip:

      Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1).

      Click here

    2. Replace the air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 2).

      Click here

      Tip:

      Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 2).

      Click here

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

    CONDUCT CONFIRMATION TESTClick here

  15. REPLACE FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY

    1. Replace the fuel injector assemblies of all cylinders.

      Tip:

      Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the fuel injector assembly.

      Click here

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

    CONDUCT CONFIRMATION TESTClick here

  16. PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (ACTIVATE THE CIRCUIT RELAY)

    1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.

    2. Turn the ignition switch to ON.

    3. Turn the GTS on.

    4. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Active Test / Activate the Circuit Relay.

      Powertrain > Engine > Active Test

      Tester Display

      Activate the Circuit Relay

    5. When performing the Active Test, check for an operating sound from the fuel pump (for low pressure side).

      OK

      Activate the Circuit Relay

      Specified Condition

      ON

      Operating sound heard

      OFF

      Operating sound not heard

    Result

    Proceed to

    OK

    NG
    NG

    INSPECT FUEL PUMP CONTROL SYSTEMClick here

    OK

  17. INSPECT FUEL PUMP (FOR LOW PRESSURE SIDE)

    1. Attach a fuel pressure gauge and check the fuel pressure when cranking the engine and after stopping the engine.

      Click here

      Standard

      Vehicle State

      Specified Condition

      Cranking engine

      196 to 588 kPa (2.0 to 6.0 kgf/cm2, 28 to 85 psi)

      5 minutes after stopping engine

      147 kPa (1.5 kgf/cm2, 21 psi) or higher
      Tip:

      • If there is foreign matter such as iron particles on the fuel pump (for low pressure side), remove it.

      • Make sure that there are no leaks from the fuel lines, signs of fuel leakage or fuel odors.

      • If the air fuel ratio becomes lean only when the engine is running under a high load and at a high engine speed, clogging of the fuel filter is suspected.

    Result

    Proceed to

    OK

    NG
    NG

    INSPECT RELATED PARTSClick here

    OK

  18. READ VALUE USING GTS (HIGH FUEL PRESSURE SENSOR)

    1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.

    2. Start the engine.

    3. Turn the GTS on.

    4. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / High Fuel Pressure Sensor.

      Powertrain > Engine > Data List

      Tester Display

      High Fuel Pressure Sensor

    5. Read the values.

      Standard

      GTS Display

      Condition

      Specified Condition

      High Fuel Pressure Sensor

      Shift lever position: P or neutral

      A/C: Off

      Engine idling

      2.3 to 30 MPa

      Shift lever position: P or neutral

      A/C: Off

      Engine speed: 3000 rpm

      2.3 to 30 MPa

    Result

    Proceed to

    OK

    NG
    NG

    REPAIR OR REPLACE MALFUNCTIONING PARTSClick here

    OK

  19. INSPECT OTHER RELATED COMPONENTS

    1. Inspect other related components.

      Tip:

      If the malfunctioning part could not be determined by performing the preceding inspections, one of the following malfunctions is suspected.

      • Deposits in the intake manifold or on an intake valve

      • Delay in fuel supply due to adherence of the fuel to the deposits

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

    REPAIR OR REPLACE MALFUNCTIONING PARTSClick here

  20. INSPECT RELATED PARTS

    1. Inspect the following fuel pump (for low pressure side) related parts:

      • Fuel pump (for low pressure side)

      • Fuel suction plate sub-assembly

      • Fuel main valve assembly

      • Fuel lines and connecting parts

      • Fuel filter

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

    REPAIR OR REPLACE MALFUNCTIONING PARTSClick here

  21. INSPECT FUEL PUMP CONTROL SYSTEM

    1. Inspect the fuel pump control system.

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

  22. REPAIR OR REPLACE MALFUNCTIONING PARTS

    1. Repair or replace the malfunctioning part.

    2. Perform "Inspection After Repair" after repairing or replacing the malfunctioning part.

      Click here

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

  23. CONDUCT CONFIRMATION TEST

    1. Check that the engine has returned to normal.

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

  24. CLEAR DTC

    1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.

    2. Turn the ignition switch to ON.

    3. Turn the GTS on.

    4. Clear the DTCs.

      Powertrain > Engine > Clear DTCs

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

    END