ECD SYSTEM(for CCo) White Smoke Emitted

DTC Code DTC Name
White Smoke Emitted

DESCRIPTION

  1. Faults and Symptoms of Common Rail Diesel Components

    1. Engine Control

      Table 1. Turbocharger System

      Main fault

      Turbocharger sub-assembly (compressor side seal ring, turbine side seal ring, shaft, oil drain)

      Symptoms

      White smoke

      Excessive oil consumption
      Table 2. Glow System

      Main fault

      Glow system malfunction

      Symptoms

      Difficult to start, rough idle, knocking, white smoke (when cold)

      Data List

      Check the glow plug indicator light

      Diagnostic Point

      Measure the resistance of the glow plug assembly
      Table 3. Engine

      Main fault

      Loss of compression

      Symptoms

      Rough idle (constant lack of power)

      Data List

      Engine Speed of Cyl #1 to #4

      • When cranking during the "Check the Cylinder Compression" Active Test, if there is a high speed cylinder (approx. 100 rpm more than the other cylinders) that cylinder may lose compression.

      Injection Feedback Val #1 to #4

      • If Injection Feedback Val #1 to #4 is more than 3 mm3/st, the cylinder may have a fault.

    2. Common Rail (ALL)

      Table 4. Injector Assembly

      Main fault

      Blockage

      Symptoms

      Rough idle, lack of power, black smoke, white smoke, knocking

      Data List

      Injection Feedback Val #1 to #4

      • When an Injector Feedback Val is more than 3 mm3/st, there may be a malfunction in the corresponding cylinder. Injection Feedback Val #1 to #4 can be read after idling for 1 minute with the engine warmed up (engine coolant temperature is higher than 70°C (158°F)).
      Tip:

      When the sliding resistance of the internal parts of the injector assemblies (i.e. armature shaft, command piston and plunger) has increased due to internal contamination, injection quantity will increase at high common rail pressure due to a delay in injector assembly closure.

      Table 5. Injector Driver (EDU)

      Main fault

      Circuit fault: The injector assembly does not open.

      Symptoms

      Difficult to start, rough idle, lack of power, black smoke, white smoke, knocking

      Data List

      Same as injector assembly

      Diagnostic Trouble Code

      When the injector driver (EDU) has a fault, some DTCs may be stored.
      Table 6. Poor Quality Fuel

      Main fault

      -

      Symptoms

      Difficult to start, rough idle (especially when cold)

    3. Diesel EGR

      Table 7. EGR System

      Main fault

      • Does not move smoothly

      • Does not close fully

      Symptoms

      • Rough idle

      • EGR valve stuck closed: A loud turbocharger sound.

      • EGR valve stuck open: Difficult to start (does not stall), black smoke, white smoke (when engine is cold), lack of power, jerking (If there is an excess in the quantity of EGR and there is a heavy load, when the vehicle starts moving, a lack of power will be felt. Also, when racing the engine, there will be some black smoke).

      Data List

      Actual EGR Valve Pos., Target EGR Position

      • Generally, Actual EGR Valve Pos. = Target EGR Position +/-5% (fully closed: 0%, fully open: 100%).

      • Using the EGR valve Active Test, check whether Actual EGR Valve Pos. follows Target EGR Position (the engine coolant temperature and intake air temperature should be considered when a malfunction occurs).

      • EGR valve is fully closed when the ignition switch is ON (engine stopped).

      • EGR valve opens to the halfway point at idling after the engine is warmed up.

      • When the EGR valve does not close, mass air flow decreases when the vehicle is accelerated at full throttle. MAP also decreases in comparison to Target Booster Pressure, however there is not a large difference.

      EGR Close Lrn. Val., EGR Close Lrn. Status

      • When leaving the vehicle idling, when EGR Close Lrn. Status is OK, the normal range of EGR Close Lrn. Val. is 0 to 1 V.

      • In cases when EGR Close Lrn. Status. is NG or EGR Close Lrn. Val. is out of the normal range (0 to 1 V), it is possible that the EGR valve cannot completely close.

CAUTION / NOTICE / HINT

Note:

After replacing an injector assembly, the ECM requires registration.

Click here

  1. Explanation of Symptom

    White Smoke

    When the engine is misfiring, any fuel that has been injected but remains unburned is emitted as white smoke.

    Turbocharger sub-assembly internal oil leak (Click here)

    If oil leak occurs from turbine side seal, large amount of white smoke will be emitted from exhaust pipe.

    Internal oil leak is not visible from outside of turbocharger sub-assembly.

PROCEDURE

  1. CONFIRM CONDITIONS PRESENT WHEN WHITE SMOKE APPEARED WITH CUSTOMER

    1. Ask the customer about the conditions when the white smoke was emitted.

      - What were the driving conditions when the white smoke was generated.

      - Is the white smoke constantly emitted, or only occasionally?

      - Does the white smoke occur only when the vehicle is cold, or when the vehicle is both cold and hot?

      - Is the white smoke emitted just after starting the vehicle only, or does it continue while the vehicle is idling?

    2. Determine the symptoms of the problem to narrow down the possible causes.

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

  2. READ OUTPUT DTC (RELATING TO ENGINE)

    1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.

    2. Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the GTS on.

    3. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes.

      Powertrain > Engine > Trouble Codes

    4. Read the pending DTCs.

      Result

      Proceed to

      DTCs are not output

      Engine related DTCs are output
    Engine related DTCs are output

    GO TO DTC CHART

    Click hereClick here

    DTCs are not output

  3. CHECK WHEN WHITE SMOKE IS EMITTED

    1. A221583C01

      *a

      Example

      Start the engine.

    2. Fully depress the accelerator pedal, and then release it.

    3. Check whether white smoke is emitted or not when racing the engine.

      Note:

      Be sure not to check for white smoke indoors.

      Tip:

      • If the white smoke is emitted only just after engine start and disappears later, the smoke is not from the turbocharger sub-assembly.

      • If the turbocharger sub-assembly is the cause of the problem, regardless of whether the engine is cold or warmed up, there will be a large amount of white smoke to the extent that visibility is obstructed for a few meters in the area of the smoke (as shown in the illustration).

      • Depending on whether there is oil mixed with the fuel, or whether there is unburned fuel present, the smell of the exhaust gas differs. When oil is mixed in, the exhaust gas smells like burning oil.

      • When continuously traveling with the engine close to idle for 1 hour or more, such as when in heavy traffic, unburned fuel accumulates in the catalytic converter, and can produce white smoke when accelerating.

      Result

      Result

      Proceed to

      White smoke is emitted just after engine start only

      A

      White smoke is always and continuously emitted

      B

      There is oil on the exhaust pipe, etc.

      Tip:

      The oil on the exhaust pipe may be from the transaxle, etc.

      C
    B

    CHECK IDLING CONDITIONClick here

    C

    CHECK FOR OIL LEAKAGEClick here

    A

  4. CHECK TEMPERATURE WHEN WHITE SMOKE IS EMITTED

    1. Check whether the white smoke is emitted only when the engine coolant temperature is below 0°C (32°F).

      Tip:

      • If so, the smoke is not from the turbocharger sub-assembly and may be the smoke of unburned fuel.

      • If misfiring occurs, unburned fuel is emitted.

      Result

      Result

      Proceed to

      White smoke is emitted when the engine coolant temperature is below 0°C (32°F)

      A

      White smoke is emitted regardless of engine coolant temperature

      B
    B

    READ VALUE USING GTS (FUEL PRESS AND TARGET COMMON RAIL PRESSURE)Click here

    A

  5. INSPECT GLOW PLUG ASSEMBLY (RESISTANCE)

    1. Inspect the glow plug assembly.

      Click here

    Result

    Proceed to

    OK

    NG
    NG

    REPLACE GLOW PLUG ASSEMBLY

    Click here

    OK

  6. READ VALUE USING GTS (FUEL PRESS AND TARGET COMMON RAIL PRESSURE)

    1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.

    2. Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the GTS on.

    3. .Start the engine

    4. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Data List / All Data / Fuel Press and Target Common Rail Pressure.

      Powertrain > Engine > Data List

      Tester Display

      Target Common Rail Pressure

      Fuel Press

    5. Take a snapshot with the GTS.

    6. Measure the difference between the target fuel pressure (Target Common Rail Pressure) and the actual fuel pressure (Fuel Press) when racing the engine with the accelerator pedal fully depressed.

      Result

      Result

      Proceed to

      Fuel pressure is within 5000 kPa of Target Common Rail Pressure

      A

      Except above

      B
      Tip:

      • "Target Common Rail Pressure" is the target fuel pressure controlled by the ECM.

      • "Fuel Press" is the actual fuel pressure.

    B

    CHECK IF FUEL IS BEING SUPPLIED TO SUPPLY PUMP ASSEMBLYClick here

    A

  7. CHECK INJECTOR COMPENSATION CODE

    1. Read the injector compensation codes.

      Click here

      OK

      Compensation codes stored in the ECM match the compensation codes of the installed injector assemblies.

    Result

    Proceed to

    OK

    NG
    NG

    REGISTER INJECTOR COMPENSATION CODE AND PERFORM PILOT QUANTITY LEARNING

    OK

  8. READ VALUE USING GTS (INJECTION FEEDBACK VAL #1 TO #4 AND INJECTION VOLUME)

    1. Check Injection Feedback Val #1 to #4 and Injection Volume in the snapshot taken after the engine is warmed up and idled for 1 minute with the A/C off.

      Tip:

      Engine coolant temperature is 70°C (158°F) or higher.

      Result

      Result

      Proceed to

      Injection Feedback Val #1 to #4 are 3 mm3/st or less and Injection Volume is more than 3 to 10 mm3/st

      A

      Other than above

      B
    B

    PERFORM PILOT QUANTITY LEARNING (DETAIL)Click here

    A

  9. PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (ACTIVATE THE EGR VALVE CLOSE)

    1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.

    2. Start the engine and warm it up, and make sure the A/C switch and all accessory switches are off.

    3. Turn the ignition switch off. Wait for 30 seconds, and then restart the engine.

    4. Turn the GTS on.

    5. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Data List / All Data / MAF.

      Powertrain > Engine > Data List

      Tester Display

      MAF

    6. Read the MAF value displayed on the GTS while the engine is idling.

    7. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Active Test / Activate the EGR Valve Close / All Data / MAF.

      Powertrain > Engine > Active Test

      Active Test Display

      Activate the EGR Valve Close

      Data List Display

      MAF

    8. Read the MAF value when the EGR valve is closed using the Active Test function.

      Tip:

      • If idling continues for 20 minutes or more, the EGR valve target opening angle becomes 0% (EGR valve fully closed). As this makes diagnosis impossible, it becomes necessary to drive the vehicle or restart the engine.

      • Before performing the diagnosis, confirm that the EGR valve target opening angle is not 0%.

      Result

      GTS Display

      Result

      Proceed to

      Activate the EGR Valve Close:

      OFF (Open) to Close

      MAF value does not

      A

      MAF value changes

      B
      Note:

      As the measured values may differ from those shown below due to factors such as differences in measuring environments and changes in vehicle condition due to aging, do not use these values to determine whether the vehicle is malfunctioning or not.

      Tip:

      The problem may be a temporary one, due to the entry of deposits or foreign matter. Check that there are no deposits or foreign matter in the electric EGR control valve assembly or mass air flow meter assembly.

      Reference

      EGR Valve Condition (Opening)

      Measuring Condition

      MAF (Reference)

      Open (67%)

      • Atmosphere pressure: 101 kPa

      • Intake air temperature: 30°C (86°F)

      • Engine coolant temperature: 88°C (190°F)

      3 to 12 gm/s

      Closed (0%)

      7 gm/s or more
    A

    REMOVE DEPOSIT (ELECTRIC EGR CONTROL VALVE ASSEMBLY)

    B

  10. CHECK ENGINE ASSEMBLY

    1. Inspect the engine to see whether white smoke is being emitted due to defects in the engine itself.

      1. Check for oil leaking into the combustion chamber due to a faulty valve stem oil seal.

      2. Check for oil leaking into the combustion chamber due to a faulty injector assembly nozzle sheet.

      3. Check for low compression.

        Tip:

        • If the engine runs too rough, Injection Feedback Val #1 to #4 cannot be corrected and the readout will (incorrectly) show that Injection Feedback Val #1 to #4 are within the normal range.

        • If defects are found, perform repairs, and then check that the symptoms are no longer present.

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

    END

  11. PERFORM PILOT QUANTITY LEARNING (DETAIL)

    1. Perform the pilot quantity learning (detail).

      Click here

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

  12. CHECK WHEN WHITE SMOKE IS EMITTED

    1. A221583C01

      *a

      Example

      Start the engine.

    2. Fully depress the accelerator pedal, and then release it.

    3. Check whether white smoke is emitted or not when racing the engine.

      Note:

      Be sure not to check for white smoke indoors.

      Result

      Proceed to

      White smoke is not emitted

      White smoke is emitted
    White smoke is not emitted

    END

    White smoke is emitted

  13. PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (CONTROL THE SELECT CYLINDER FUEL CUT)

    Tip:

    Use this Active Test to determine the malfunctioning cylinder.

    1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.

    2. Start the engine and turn the GTS on.

    3. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Active Test / Control the Select Cylinder Fuel Cut / #1 to #4.

      Powertrain > Engine > Active Test

      Tester Display

      Control the Select Cylinder Fuel Cut
      Tip:

      If the engine idle speed does not change when an injector assembly is disabled, the cylinder being tested is malfunctioning. Record any malfunctioning cylinders.

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

  14. PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (CHECK THE CYLINDER COMPRESSION)

    Tip:

    Use this Active Test to help determine whether a cylinder has compression loss or not.

    1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.

    2. Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the GTS on.

    3. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Active Test / Check the Cylinder Compression / Compression / Engine Speed of Cyl #1 to #4.

      Powertrain > Engine > Active Test

      Active Test Display

      Check the Cylinder Compression

      Data List Display

      Engine Speed of Cyl #1

      Engine Speed of Cyl #2

      Engine Speed of Cyl #3

      Engine Speed of Cyl #4

    4. Crank the engine.

    5. Check the engine speed during the Active Test.

      Result

      Result

      Proceed to

      The values of Engine Speed Cyl #1 to #4 are within 10 rpm of each other

      A

      Other than above

      B
      Tip:

      When cranking, if the speed of a cylinder is approximately 100 rpm higher than the other cylinders, there is probably a complete loss of compression in that cylinder.

    A

    REPLACE INJECTOR ASSEMBLY OF MALFUNCTIONING CYLINDERClick here

    B

  15. CHECK CYLINDER COMPRESSION PRESSURE OF MALFUNCTIONING CYLINDER

    Tip:

    Measure the compression of the cylinder that had a high speed during the "Control the All Cylinders Fuel Cut" Active Test.

    1. Check cylinder compression pressure.

      Click here

    Result

    Proceed to

    OK

    NG
    NG

    CHECK ENGINE TO DETERMINE CAUSE OF LOW COMPRESSION

    OK

  16. REPLACE INJECTOR ASSEMBLY OF MALFUNCTIONING CYLINDER

    Tip:

    It can be determined that the injector assembly is faulty as the corresponding cylinder is malfunctioning, but has no compression loss.

    1. Replace the injector assembly of the malfunctioning cylinder.

      Click here

      Note:

      • When replacing the injector assembly for a cylinder, always be sure to use a new injection pipe.

      • Follow the procedure in the repair manual and temporarily install the injection pipes and nozzle leakage pipe, and then correctly position the injector assemblies. After that, tighten parts according to the torque specifications.

      • If the installation procedure is not performed correctly, injector assemblies may become out of position, which may cause the injector assemblies to deteriorate, resulting in malfunctions.

      • If an injector assembly deteriorates and malfunctions, other problems such as knocking, rough idle, etc. may occur.

      • If an injector assembly becomes out of position, it is possible that the seal between the injector assembly and injection pipe may become incomplete, resulting in a fuel leak.

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

  17. BLEED AIR FROM FUEL SYSTEM

    1. Bleed the air from the fuel system.

      Click here

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

  18. REGISTER INJECTOR COMPENSATION CODE AND PERFORM PILOT QUANTITY LEARNING

    1. Register the injector compensation codes.

      Click here

    2. Perform the pilot quantity learning.

      Click here

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

  19. CONFIRM WHETHER MALFUNCTION HAS BEEN SUCCESSFULLY REPAIRED

    1. Check whether the white smoke problem has been successfully repaired by starting the engine.

    Result

    Proceed to

    OK

    NG
    OK

    END

    NG

    CHECK FUEL QUALITYClick here

  20. CHECK IF FUEL IS BEING SUPPLIED TO SUPPLY PUMP ASSEMBLY

    1. Disconnect the inlet hose from the supply pump assembly.

    2. Operate the priming pump and check that fuel is being supplied to the supply pump assembly.

      OK

      Fuel is properly supplied to the supply pump assembly when the priming pump is operated.

      Tip:

      • A lack of fuel causes the fuel pressure to drop.

      • Check that the fuel filter element assembly is not clogged.

    3. Reconnect the inlet hose.

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

  21. REPLACE FUEL FILTER ELEMENT ASSEMBLY

    1. If the fuel filter element assembly is obviously dirty or clogged, replace the fuel filter element assembly.

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

  22. CHECK AND REPLACE CLOGGED FUEL PIPE (INCLUDING FROZEN FUEL) (FUEL TANK - SUPPLY PUMP ASSEMBLY)

    1. Check and replace the clogged fuel pipe.

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

  23. BLEED AIR FROM FUEL SYSTEM

    Tip:

    If the fuel filter element assembly or fuel pipe has been replaced, be sure to remove any air in the system.

    1. Bleed the air from the fuel system.

      Click here

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

  24. CONFIRM WHETHER MALFUNCTION HAS BEEN SUCCESSFULLY REPAIRED

    1. Check whether the white smoke problem has been successfully repaired by starting the engine.

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

    END

  25. CHECK FUEL QUALITY

    1. Check that only diesel fuel is being used.

    2. Check that the fuel does not contain any impurities.

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

    END

  26. CHECK IDLING CONDITION

    1. Start the engine.

    2. Check the idling condition.

      Result

      Result

      Proceed to

      Engine run smoothly at idle, however white smoke is emitted.

      A

      There are problems such as rough idling or engine stall, and white smoke is emitted.

      Tip:

      If the pressure in the crank case has risen, white smoke will be produced just after the engine is started. In this case, if blow-by gas is ejected when the oil level gauge is slightly removed*, it is possible that the piston is damaged.

      Note:

      *Do not completely remove the oil level gauge as oil may spray from the opening.

      B
      Tip:

      It is possible to determine the faulty cylinder by carrying out the "Check the Cylinder Compression" Active Test.

    A

    GO TO TURBOCHARGER OIL LEAK AND WHITE SMOKE

    Click here

    B

    REPAIR ENGINE ASSEMBLY

  27. CHECK FOR OIL LEAKAGE

    1. Remove any oil in the exhaust manifold converter sub-assembly.

      Tip:

      Oil in the exhaust pipe is producing white smoke.

    2. If there is an oil leak, repair the leak.

    Result

    Proceed to

    NEXT
    NEXT

    END