INSPECT BACKLASH OF OIL PUMP GEAR TO CRANKSHAFT TIMING GEAR
Using a dial indicator, measure the backlash.
| Standard gear backlash |
|---|
| 0.02 to 0.15 mm (0.0008 to 0.0060 in.) |
| Maximum gear backlash |
|---|
| 0.20 mm (0.0079 in.) |
If the gear backlash is greater than the maximum, replace the gears as a set.
INSPECT NO. 1 IDLE GEAR THRUST CLEARANCE
Using a dial indicator, measure the thrust clearance.
| Standard thrust clearance |
|---|
| 0.06 to 0.11 mm (0.0024 to 0.0043 in.) |
| Maximum thrust clearance |
|---|
| 0.30 mm (0.0118 in.) |
If the thrust clearance is greater than the maximum, replace the thrust plate. If necessary, replace the idle gear and/or idle gear shaft.
INSPECT BACKLASH OF CRANKSHAFT TIMING GEAR TO NO. 1 IDLE GEAR
Install the idle gear.
Using a dial indicator, measure the backlash.
| Standard gear backlash |
|---|
| 0.02 to 0.15 mm (0.0008 to 0.0060 in.) |
| Maximum gear backlash |
|---|
| 0.20 mm (0.0079 in.) |
If the gear backlash is greater than the maximum, replace the gears as a set.
Remove the idle gear.
INSPECT BACKLASH OF OIL PUMP GEAR TO NO. 1 BALANCE SHAFT
Using a dial indicator, measure the backlash.
| Standard gear backlash |
|---|
| 0.02 to 0.15 mm (0.0008 to 0.0060 in.) |
| Maximum gear backlash |
|---|
| 0.20 mm (0.0079 in.) |
If the gear backlash is greater than the maximum, replace the gears as a set.
INSPECT BACKLASH OF SUPPLY PUMP GEAR TO NO. 2 BALANCE SHAFT
Install the supply pump with the 2 nuts.
Using SST, install the supply pump gear with the nut.
Using a dial indicator, measure the backlash.
| Standard gear backlash |
|---|
| 0.02 to 0.15 mm (0.0008 to 0.0060 in.) |
| Maximum gear backlash |
|---|
| 0.20 mm (0.0079 in.) |
If the gear backlash is greater than the maximum, replace the gears as a set.
INSPECT BACKLASH OF SUPPLY PUMP GEAR TO NO. 1 IDLE GEAR
Install the idle gear without sub gears.
Using a dial indicator, measure the backlash.
| Standard gear backlash |
|---|
| 0.02 to 0.15 mm (0.0008 to 0.0060 in.) |
| Maximum gear backlash |
|---|
| 0.20 mm (0.0079 in.) |
If the gear backlash is greater than the maximum, replace the gears as a set.
Using SST, remove the nut and supply pump gear.
Remove the 2 nuts and supply pump.
Remove the idle gear.
INSPECT NO. 1 IDLE GEAR OIL CLEARANCE
Using a cylinder gauge, measure the inside diameter of the idle gear.
| Standard idle gear inside diameter |
|---|
| 44.000 to 44.025 mm (1.7323 to 1.7333 in.) |
Using a micrometer, measure the diameter of the idle gear shaft.
| Standard idle gear shaft diameter |
|---|
| 43.955 to 43.990 mm (1.7305 to 1.7319 in.) |
Subtract the idle gear shaft diameter measurement from the idle gear inside diameter measurement.
| Standard oil clearance |
|---|
| 0.010 to 0.070 mm (0.0004 to 0.0028 in.) |
| Maximum oil clearance |
|---|
| 0.20 mm (0.0079 in.) |
If the clearance is greater than the maximum, replace the gear and shaft.
INSPECT NO. 1 BALANCE SHAFT SUB-ASSEMBLY
Using a dial indicator, measure the thrust clearance by moving the balance shaft back and forth.
| Standard thrust clearance |
|---|
| 0.065 to 0.140 mm (0.0026 to 0.0055 in.) |
| Maximum thrust clearance |
|---|
| 0.25 mm (0.0098 in.) |
If the thrust clearance is greater than the maximum, replace the balance shaft thrust washer.
Tech Tips
After replacement, if the thrust clearance is still greater than the maximum, replace the balance shaft.
INSPECT NO. 2 BALANCE SHAFT SUB-ASSEMBLY
Using a dial indicator, measure the thrust clearance by moving the balance shaft back and forth.
| Standard thrust clearance |
|---|
| 0.065 to 0.140 mm (0.0026 to 0.0055 in.) |
| Maximum thrust clearance |
|---|
| 0.25 mm (0.0098 in.) |
If the thrust clearance is greater than the maximum, replace the balance shaft thrust washer.
Tech Tips
After replacement, if the thrust clearance is still greater than the maximum, replace the balance shaft.
INSPECT CYLINDER HEAD SET BOLT
Using a vernier caliper, measure the minimum outside diameter of the compressed thread at the measuring point A.
| Standard outside diameter |
|---|
| 11.8 to 12.0 mm (0.465 to 0.472 in.) |
| Minimum outside diameter |
|---|
| 11.6 mm (0.457 in.) |
If the outside diameter is less than the minimum, replace the bolt.
INSPECT INJECTION GEAR
Check that bearing is not rough or worn.
If necessary, replace the injection gear.
INSPECT CYLINDER BLOCK OIL ORIFICE
Check the oil orifice for damage or clogging.
If necessary, replace the oil orifice.
INSPECT CONNECTING ROD THRUST CLEARANCE
Using a dial indicator, measure the thrust clearance while moving the connecting rod back and forth.
| Standard thrust clearance |
|---|
| 0.100 to 0.300 mm (0.0039 to 0.0118 in.) |
| Maximum thrust clearance |
|---|
| 0.40 mm (0.0157 in.) |
If the thrust clearance is greater than the maximum, replace the connecting rod assembly. If necessary, replace the crankshaft.
INSPECT CONNECTING ROD OIL CLEARANCE
Clean the crank pin and bearing.
Check the crank pin and bearing for pitting and scratches.
If the crank pin or bearing is damaged, replace the bearings. If necessary, grind or replace the crankshaft.
Lay a strip of Plastigage across the crank pin.
Install the connecting rod cap with the 2 bolts.
Note
Do not turn the crankshaft.
Check the matchmarks on the connecting rod and cap to ensure correct reassembly.
Remove the 2 bolts, connecting rod cap and lower bearing.
Measure the Plastigage at its widest point.
| Standard oil clearance | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| Maximum oil clearance |
|---|
| 0.10 mm (0.0039 in.) |
If the oil clearance is greater than the maximum, replace the bearings. If necessary, grind or replace the crankshaft.
Tech Tips
If using a standard bearing, replace it with one that has the same number. If the number of the bearing cannot be determined, select the correct bearing by adding together the numbers imprinted on the crankshaft and connecting rod, then selecting the bearing with the same number as the total. There are 5 sizes of standard bearings, marked 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
| Bearing size | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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EXAMPLE:
Connecting rod cap "3" + Crankshaft "1" =
Total number 4 (Use bearing "4")
| Reference | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard connecting rod big end inside diameter | ||||||||||||
|
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| Standard crankshaft pin diameter | ||||||||||||
|
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| Standard sized bearing center wall thickness | ||||||||||||
|
Completely remove the Plastigage.
INSPECT CRANKSHAFT THRUST CLEARANCE
Using a dial indicator, measure the thrust clearance while prying the crankshaft back and forth with a screwdriver.
| Standard thrust clearance |
|---|
| 0.040 to 0.240 mm (0.0016 to 0.0094 in.) |
| Maximum thrust clearance |
|---|
| 0.30 mm (0.0118 in.) |
If the thrust clearance is greater than the maximum, replace the thrust washers as a set.
| Standard thrust washer thickness | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
INSPECT CRANKSHAFT OIL CLEARANCE
Clean each main journal and bearing.
Check each crankshaft journal and bearing for pitting and scratches.
If the journal or bearing is damaged, replace the bearings. If necessary, grind or replace the crankshaft.
Place the crankshaft on the cylinder block.
Lay a strip of Plastigage across each journal.
Install the 5 crankshaft bearing caps with the 10 bolts.
Note
Do not turn the crankshaft.
Remove the 10 bolts and 5 crankshaft bearing caps.
Measure the Plastigage at its widest point.
| Standard oil clearance | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| Maximum clearance |
|---|
| 0.10 mm (0.0039 in.) |
If the oil clearance is greater than the maximum, replace the bearings. If necessary, grind or replace the crankshaft.
Tech Tips
If replacing the cylinder block sub-assembly, the bearing standard oil clearance will be within standard value.
| Standard oil clearance |
|---|
| 0.030 to 0.048 mm (0.0012 to 0.0019 in.) |
Tech Tips
If using a standard bearing, replace it with one having the same number. If the number of the bearing cannot be determined, select the correct bearing by adding together the numbers imprinted on the cylinder block and crankshaft, then selecting the bearing with the same number as the total. There are 5 sizes of standard bearings, marked 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
| Bearing size | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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EXAMPLE:
Cylinder block "2" + crankshaft "1"= Total number 3 (Use bearing "3")
| Reference | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard cylinder block main journal bore diameter | ||||||||||||
|
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| Standard crankshaft journal diameter | ||||||||||||
|
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| Standard sized bearing center wall thickness | ||||||||||||
|
Completely remove the Plastigage.
INSPECT OIL CHECK VALVE SUB-ASSEMBLY
Push the valve with a wooden stick to check if it is stuck.
If stuck, replace the check valve.
INSPECT NO. 1 OIL NOZZLE SUB-ASSEMBLY
Check the oil nozzles for damage or clogging.
If necessary, replace the oil nozzle.
CLEAN CYLINDER BLOCK SUB-ASSEMBLY
Using a gasket scraper, remove all the gasket material from the top surface of the cylinder block.
Using a soft brush and solvent, thoroughly clean the cylinder block.
INSPECT CYLINDER BLOCK SUB-ASSEMBLY
Inspect for flatness.
Using a precision straightedge and feeler gauge, measure the surface contacting the cylinder head cap for warpage.
| Maximum warpage |
|---|
| 0.10 mm (0.0039 in.) |
If the warpage is greater than the maximum, replace the cylinder block.
Visually check the cylinder for vertical scratches.
If deep scratches are present, rebore all 4 cylinders. If necessary, replace the cylinder block.
Inspect the cylinder bore diameter.
Tech Tips
There are 3 sizes of the standard cylinder bore diameter, marked 1, 2 and 3 accordingly. The mark is stamped on the lower left rear of the cylinder block.
Using a cylinder gauge, measure the cylinder bore diameter at positions A, B and C in the thrust and axial directions.
| Standard diameter | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| Maximum diameter | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
If the diameter is greater than the maximum, rebore all 4 cylinders. If necessary, replace the cylinder block.
Remove the cylinder ridge.
If the wear is less than 0.2 mm (0.008 in.), using a ridge reamer, grind the top of the cylinder.
CLEAN PISTON
Using a groove cleaning tool or broken ring, clean the piston ring grooves.
Using solvent and a brush, thoroughly clean the piston.
Note
Do not use a wire brush.
INSPECT PISTON
Tech Tips
When replacing the piston sub-assembly (w/ pin) with a supply part, there are a number of piston diameter sizes to choose from, but there is only one size of piston pin diameter.
Inspect the piston oil clearance.
Tech Tips
There are 3 sizes of the standard piston diameter, marked "1", "2" and "3" accordingly. The mark is stamped on the piston top.
Using a micrometer, measure the piston diameter at right angles to the piston center line, the indicated distance from the piston head.
| Standard distance |
|---|
| 63.63 mm (2.5051 in.) |
| Standard piston diameter | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Measure the cylinder bore diameter in the thrust directions.
Subtract the piston diameter measurement from the cylinder bore diameter measurement.
| Standard oil clearance |
|---|
| 0.070 to 0.090 mm (0.0028 to 0.0035 in.) |
| Maximum oil clearance |
|---|
| 0.14 mm (0.0055 in.) |
If the oil clearance is greater than the maximum, replace all 4 pistons and rebore all 4 cylinders.
If necessary, replace the cylinder block.
Tech Tips
Use a piston with the same number mark as the cylinder diameter marked on the cylinder block.
Using a micrometer, measure the piston pin diameter.
| Standard piston pin diameter | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Inspect the piston pin fit.
At 80°C (176°F), check that the piston pin can be pushed into the piston pin hole with your thumb.
If the pin can be installed at a lower temperature, replace the piston and pin as a set.
INSPECT PISTON RING SET
Inspect the piston ring groove clearance.
Using a feeler gauge, measure the clearance between a new piston ring and the wall of the ring groove.
| Standard groove clearance | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||||||||
| Maximum groove clearance |
|---|
| 0.20 mm (0.0079 in.) |
If the clearance is greater than the maximum, replace the piston.
Inspect the piston ring end gap.
Insert the piston ring into the cylinder bore.
Using a piston, push the piston ring a little beyond the bottom of the ring travel and 120 mm (4.72 in.) from the top of the cylinder block.
Using a feeler gauge, measure the end gap.
| Standard end gap | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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| Maximum end gap | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
If the end gap is greater than the maximum, replace the piston ring.
If the end gap is greater than the maximum, even with a new piston ring, rebore all 4 cylinders or replace the cylinder block.
INSPECT CONNECTING ROD SUB-ASSEMBLY
Using a rod aligner and feeler gauge, check the connecting rod alignment.
Check for bend.
| Maximum bend |
|---|
| 0.03 mm (0.0012 in.) per 100 mm (3.94 in.) |
If bend is greater than the maximum, replace the connecting rod sub-assembly.
Check if the rod is twisted.
| Maximum twist |
|---|
| 0.15 mm (0.0059 in.) per 100 mm (3.94 in.) |
If the twist is greater than the maximum, replace the connecting rod sub-assembly.
INSPECT PISTON PIN OIL CLEARANCE
Inspect the piston pin oil clearance.
Using a caliper gauge, measure the inside diameter of the connecting rod bush.
| Standard bush inside diameter | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Subtract the piston pin diameter measurement from the bush inside diameter measurement.
| Standard oil clearance |
|---|
| 0.012 to 0.020 mm (0.0005 to 0.0008 in.) |
| Maximum oil clearance |
|---|
| 0.03 mm (0.0012 in.) |
If the oil clearance is greater than the maximum, replace the bush.
If necessary, replace the piston and piston pin with a new piston and pin set.
INSPECT CONNECTING ROD BOLT
Using a vernier caliper, measure the tension portion of the connecting rod bolt.
| Standard diameter |
|---|
| 8.500 to 8.600 mm (0.3346 to 0.3385 in.) |
| Minimum diameter |
|---|
| 8.30 mm (0.3268 in.) |
If the diameter is less than the minimum, replace the bolt.
INSPECT NO. 1 BALANCE SHAFT SUB-ASSEMBLY
Using a cylinder gauge, measure the inside diameter of the balance shaft bearing.
| Bearing inside diameter | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Using a micrometer, measure the outside diameter of the balance shaft main journals.
| Main journal diameter | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Subtract the outside diameter of the balance shaft main journal from the inside diameter of the balance shaft bearing.
| Standard clearance | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| Maximum oil clearance | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
If the clearance is greater than the maximum, replace the cylinder block and balance shaft.
INSPECT NO. 2 BALANCE SHAFT SUB-ASSEMBLY
Using a cylinder gauge, measure the inside diameter of the balance shaft bearing.
| Bearing inside diameter | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Using a micrometer, measure the outside diameter of the balance shaft main journals.
| Main journal diameter | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Subtract the outside diameter to the balance shaft main journal from the inside diameter to the balance shaft bearing.
| Standard clearance | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| Maximum oil clearance | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
If the clearance is greater than the maximum, replace the cylinder block and balance shaft.
INSPECT CRANKSHAFT
Inspect for circle runout.
Place the crankshaft on V-blocks.
Using a dial indicator, measure the circle runout at the center journal.
| Maximum circle runout |
|---|
| 0.03 mm (0.0012 in.) |
If the circle runout is greater than the maximum, replace the crankshaft.
Inspect the main journals and crank pins.
Using a micrometer, measure the diameter of each main journal and crank pin.
| Standard main journal diameter | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| Standard crank pin diameter | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
If the diameter is not as specified, check the oil clearance. If necessary, grind or replace the crankshaft.
Check each main journal and crank pin for taper and out-of-round as shown.
| Maximum taper and out-of-round |
|---|
| 0.020 mm (0.0008 in.) |
If the taper and out-of-round is greater than the maximum, replace the crankshaft.
If necessary, grind and hone the main journals and/or crank pins.
Grind and hone the main journals and/or crank pins to the finished undersized diameter.
Install new main journal and/or crankshaft pin undersized bearing.
INSPECT CRANKSHAFT BEARING CAP BOLT
Using a vernier caliper, measure the minimum diameter of the elongated thread at the measuring point.
| Standard diameter |
|---|
| 13.500 to 14.000 mm (0.5315 to 0.5512 in.) |
| Minimum diameter |
|---|
| 12.60 mm (0.4961 in.) |
If the diameter is less than the minimum, replace the bolt.