DESCRIPTION
Type of Oil Leak | Outline | Major Trouble Area |
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Internal oil leak (white smoke) | Oil leak from the bearing housing into the compressor housing (intake side) or turbine housing (exhaust side) through the seal ring. Internal oil leaks cannot be seen from outside the turbocharger. If an oil leak occurs from the turbine seal, a large amount of white smoke is emitted from the exhaust pipe. |
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External oil leak | Oil leak from inside to outside the turbocharger. (Example: FIPG seal, oil pipe flange, or oil pipe union) Includes oil leaks that are visible outside the turbocharger. |
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Tech Tips
Turbocharger oil leaks are classified into two types, internal oil leaks and external oil leaks.
The following illustration shows the parts of the turbocharger.
If an oil leak or white smoke occurs, sometimes the turbocharger is replaced even though it is not the cause of the problem.
Oil may leak from the seal ring if the turbocharger is placed with its shaft vertical. However, this is unrelated to oil leaks during operation.
Oil traces on the compressor housing surface or oil at the compressor inlet or outlet can mistakenly be evaluated as a leak from the turbocharger.
*1 | Bearing Housing | *2 | Seal Ring |
*3 | Compressor Inlet | *4 | Compressor Impeller |
*5 | Compressor Housing | *6 | Turbine Housing |
*7 | Turbine Wheel | *8 | Turbine Shaft |
*9 | Oil Drain | - | - |
*a | Internal oil leak to compressor housing | *b | Internal oil leak to turbine housing |
*c | FIPG Sealing Part | - | - |
*a | Fig. 1 |
Tech Tips
Oil staining, as shown in Illustration 1, may result from oil sprayed from turbocharger peripheral parts or oil leaks from the air cleaner hose. Oil staining on the outer surface of the turbocharger does not indicate an oil leak from the turbocharger. It is also unrelated to white smoke. To identify actual turbocharger external oil leaks, check only the seal areas shown in Illustrations 2 and 3.
*a | Fig. 2 | *b | Fig. 3 |
*c | Oil Existence at Compressor Inlet (Max. 5 cm3) |
*d | Oil Existence at Compressor Outlet |
Tech Tips
As the blowby gas containing oil mist is returned to the intake system by the PCV, a certain amount of oil enters the intake system. The amount of oil at the compressor inlet shown in Illustration 2 is the normal amount and does not indicate an oil leak (internal oil leak) from the turbocharger. The amount of oil shown at the compressor outlet in Illustration 3 is also the normal amount.
The surface of the compressor impeller may be blackened by the blowby gas. This does not indicate a malfunction.
*a | Fig. 4 |
*b | In an actual oil leak, oil leaks from the FIPG seal |
Tech Tips
Illustration 4 shows how to check for air leaks from the position of an oil leak using soapy water. Bubbles form where the leak is occurring.
Faults and Symptoms of Turbocharger Parts
Main fault | Seal ring damage |
Symptom |
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Note |
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Main fault | Seal ring damage |
Symptom |
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Note |
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Main fault | Blocked oil drain due to oil coking |
Symptom | Large amount of white smoke emitted from the exhaust pipe |
Tech Tips
Oil coking results due to inadequate oil management
If the oil drain is blocked due to oil coking, the oil cannot be removed smoothly. Oil leaking from the bearing housing into the compressor housing and turbine housing generates a large amount of white smoke in the exhaust pipe.
*1 | Oil Drain | - | - |
*a | Coked Oil | *b | Oil Drain Clogged with Coked Oil |
Main fault |
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Symptom |
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Note |
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Main fault | Damage |
Symptom |
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Note |
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Main fault | Oil leak from the FIPG seal |
Symptom |
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Main fault | Oil leak from the compressor inlet elbow and intake hose connector. |
Symptom | If oil stain traces exist at the hose or flange connector, it may be evaluated as a defective hose or flange connection. |
*1 | No. 2 Air Cleaner Hose | *2 | Compressor Housing |
*3 | Compressor Inlet Elbow | - | - |
*a | Oil Leak from Hose Connection Part | - | - |
PROCEDURE
CHECK TURBOCHARGER SUB-ASSEMBLY (OIL LEAK CHECK)
Check whether the oil leak is internal or external.
Tech Tips
White smoke is unrelated to external oil leaks.
Type of Oil Leak | Outline |
Internal oil leak (white smoke) | An internal oil leak from the bearing housing into the compressor housing (intake side) or turbine housing (exhaust side) through the seal ring cannot be seen from outside the turbocharger. If an oil leak occurs from the turbine seal, a large amount of white smoke is emitted from the exhaust pipe. |
External oil leak | Oil leak from inside to outside the turbocharger. (Example: FIPG seal, oil pipe flange, or oil pipe union)Includes oil leaks that are visible outside the turbocharger. |
Result | ||||||
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B |
CHECK TURBOCHARGER SUB-ASSEMBLY (SPECIFIED OIL LEAK POSITION) Click here |
A |
REPLACE DEFECTIVE PARTS (PARTS LEAKING OIL)
Replace the parts that are leaking oil.
Tech Tips
If oil leaks from the contact surface between the compressor housing and seal plate, the seal is defective. Replace the compressor housing with bearing sub-assembly.
If oil leaks from the contact surface between the bearing housing and seal plate, the seal is defective. Replace the compressor housing with bearing sub-assembly.
If oil leaks from the contact surface between the compressor inlet elbow or the compressor outlet elbow and the compressor housing, the installation may be incorrect due to loose nuts or a defective gasket. Check the installation or replace the gasket.
Result | ||
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NEXT |
END |
CHECK TURBOCHARGER SUB-ASSEMBLY (SPECIFIED OIL LEAK POSITION)
Remove the compressor inlet elbow from the compressor housing with bearing sub-assembly.
Check for excessive oil or oil deposits at the compressor inlet.
Tech Tips
The PCV gas contains a certain amount of oil mist. This can accumulate in front of the compressor inlet, creating a certain amount of oil, as shown in Illustration 2.
Excessive oil at the compressor inlet may cause a malfunction in the PCV system.
A certain amount of oil on the compressor housing surface results from oil mist in the blowby gas and is not a malfunction.
Remove the compressor outlet elbow from the compressor housing with bearing sub-assembly.
Check for excessive oil or oil deposits at the compressor outlet.
Tech Tips
The PCV gas contains a certain amount of oil mist. This can create a certain amount of oil, as shown in Illustration 3.
Remove the exhaust manifold converter sub-assembly.
Check for excessive oil or oil deposits in the turbine housing.
Tech Tips
Do not mistake carbon soot for oil.
If the turbocharger shaft is tilted, a small amount of oil flows out of the bearing housing. Do not mistake oil that flows out of the bearing housing during and after removal of the turbocharger sub-assembly for oil that existed before the turbocharger assembly was removed.
Excessive oil or oil deposits in the turbine inlet comes from a cylinder exhaust port and may indicate a problem with one or more cylinders.
Result | ||||||||
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A |
END (CAUSE CHECK EXCEPT THE TURBO CHARGER) |
C |
CHECK COMPRESSOR HOUSING WITH BEARING SUB-ASSEMBLY Click here |
B |
CHECK COMPRESSOR HOUSING WITH BEARING SUB-ASSEMBLY
Check for damage to the compressor impeller.
Check for interference between the compressor impeller and the compressor housing.
Result | ||||||
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A |
GO TO STEP 7 Click here |
B |
CHECK COMPRESSOR HOUSING WITH BEARING SUB-ASSEMBLY
Check for interference between the turbine wheel and the turbine housing.
Tech Tips
If interference exists between the turbine wheel and turbine housing, replace the compressor housing with bearing sub-assembly and turbine housing with valve sub-assembly as a set.
Result | ||||||
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A |
REPLACE COMPRESSOR HOUSING WITH BEARING SUB-ASSEMBLY Click here |
B |
REPLACE COMPRESSOR HOUSING WITH BEARING SUB-ASSEMBLY AND TURBINE HOUSING WITH VALVE SUB-ASSEMBLY Click here |
CHECK COMPRESSOR HOUSING WITH BEARING SUB-ASSEMBLY
Check for damage to the turbine wheel.
Check for interference between the turbine wheel and the turbine housing.
Tech Tips
If interference exists between the turbine wheel and turbine housing, replace the compressor housing with bearing sub-assembly and turbine housing with valve sub-assembly as a set.
Result | ||||||||
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B |
REPLACE COMPRESSOR HOUSING WITH BEARING SUB-ASSEMBLY Click here |
C |
REPLACE COMPRESSOR HOUSING WITH BEARING SUB-ASSEMBLY AND TURBINE HOUSING WITH VALVE SUB-ASSEMBLY Click here |
A |
CHECK COMPRESSOR HOUSING WITH BEARING SUB-ASSEMBLY
Check that the turbine shaft rotates smoothly, without catching.
Check for loose turbine mounting nuts and for axial play in the turbine shaft.
Tech Tips
If the turbine shaft catches or if there no play or excessive play, it could indicate a seal problem due to seizing or poor sliding due to a deposit build up.
Standard value |
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0.10 mm (0.00394 in.) or less |
Result | ||||||
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B |
REPLACE COMPRESSOR HOUSING WITH BEARING SUB-ASSEMBLY Click here |
A |
CHECK TURBO OIL INLET PIPE SUB-ASSEMBLY
Remove the turbo oil inlet pipe sub-assembly.
Check for blockage of the turbo oil inlet pipe sub-assembly due to accumulated deposits or deformation.
Tech Tips
If no malfunction exists in the turbo oil inlet pipe sub-assembly, there may be a seal defect due to oil coking in the bearing housing.
Result | ||||||
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A |
REPLACE COMPRESSOR HOUSING WITH BEARING SUB-ASSEMBLY Click here |
B |
REPLACE TURBO OIL INLET PIPE SUB-ASSEMBLY Click here |