ENGINE UNIT

1. The 2GR-FSE is a 3.5-liter, 24-valve DOHC V6 Direct injection 4-stroke gasoline engine Superior version (D-4S). This engine uses both direct injection and port injection systems. In addition, this engine uses a Dual Variable Valve Timing-intelligent (Dual VVT-i) system, Direct Ignition System (DIS), and Electronic Throttle Control System-intelligent (ETCS-i). These control functions achieve improved engine performance, fuel economy, and clean emissions.

   

*1: Destination package for South Korea

*2: Models for Europe, Australia and General countries and destination packages for Russia, Taiwan, Chile and Hong Kong

*3: Except models for Europe, Australia and General countries and destination packages for South Korea, Russia, Taiwan, Chile and Hong Kong

*4: Weight shows the figure with oil and coolant fully filled.

Figure 1. Performance Curve

1. The 2GR-FSE engine has achieved the following through the adoption of the items listed below:

   
   

   1. High performance and reliability

   2. Low noise and vibration

   3. Lightweight and compact design

   4. Good serviceability

   5. Clean emissions and fuel economy

      Item		(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
      Engine Proper	A steel-laminate type cylinder head gasket is used.	○	-	-	-	-
      	A taper squish shape is used for the combustion chamber.	○	-	-	-	○
      	A cylinder block sub-assembly made of aluminum alloy is used.	-	-	○	-	-
      	The skirt portion of each piston has a resin coating applied to reduce friction.	○	○	-	-	○
      	An oil pan sub-assembly made of aluminum alloy is used.	-	○	○	-	-
      Valve Mechanism	A Dual Variable Valve Timing-intelligent (Dual VVT-i) system is used.	○	-	-	-	○
      	Valve lash adjuster assemblies are used.	○	○	-	○	-
      	Timing chain sub-assemblies and chain tensioner assemblies are used.	-	○	○	○	-
      	No. 1 valve rocker arm sub-assemblies are used.	○	-	-	-	-
      Lubrication System	An oil filter with a replaceable element is used.	-	-	-	○	-
      Cooling System	Toyota Genuine Super Long-Life Coolant (SLLC) is used.	-	-	-	○	-
      Intake and Exhaust Systems	A linkless-type throttle body is used.	-	-	○	○	-
      	An intake air surge tank made of plastic is used.	-	-	○	-	-
      	Stainless steel exhaust manifold sub-assemblies are used.	-	-	○	-	○
      	Ultra thin-wall, high-cell density ceramic type Three-Way Catalyst converters (TWCs) are used.	-	-	-	-	○
      Fuel System	A Direct injection 4-stroke gasoline engine Superior version (D-4S) system is used.	○	-	-	-	○
      	Double slit nozzle type high pressure injector assemblies are used.	○	-	-	-	○
      	Quick connectors are used to connect the fuel hoses with the fuel pipes.	-	-	-	○	-
      Ignition System	A Direct Ignition System (DIS) is used.	○	-	-	○	○
      	Long-reach type iridium-tipped spark plugs are used.	○	-	-	○	○
      Charging System	A segment conductor type generator assembly is used.	○	-	○	-	-
      	A generator pulley with a one way clutch is used.	○	-	-	-	○
      Starting System	A Planetary reduction-Segment conductor motor (PS) type starter assembly is used.	-	-	○	-	-
      Serpentine Belt Drive System	A serpentine belt drive system is used.	-	-	○	○	-
      Emission Control System	An evaporative emission control system is used.	-	-	-	-	○
      Engine Control System	Magneto-Resistance Element (MRE) type Variable Valve Timing (VVT) sensors are used.	○	-	-	-	-
      	An Electronic Throttle Control System-intelligent (ETCS-i) is used.	○	-	-	-	○
      	A cranking hold function is used.	○	-	-	-	-

      Tech Tips

      ○: Applicable

      -: Not applicable

2. The 2GR-FSE engine uses the Direct injection 4-stroke gasoline engine Superior version (D-4S) system to achieve high performance while also achieving fuel economy and clean emissions. The features of the D-4S system are as listed below:

   
   

   1. The D-4S system is a system which combines a direct injection system which injects fuel into the combustion chamber and a port injection system which injects fuel to the intake ports. This system optimally controls the 2 types of fuel injector assemblies in accordance with the driving conditions.

   2. When the engine is running under a medium or high load at lower speeds, both the direct and port injection systems are used. This control creates a homogeneous air-fuel mixture to stabilize combustion, improve fuel efficiency, and reduce emissions.

   3. When the engine is running under heavy load, the direct injection system is used. This achieves an intake cooling effect by injecting fuel directly to the combustion chamber. As a result of this cooling effect, the compression ratio of the engine can be made higher as the tendency of the compressed mixture to preignite or detonate is reduced. The increased compression ratio improves engine output and performance.

   4. The double slit nozzle type fuel injector assemblies (for direct injection) atomize fuel so that the fuel spreads out widely and finely in a fan shape. Fuel is mixed with intake air efficiently and homogeneously, aiming at ideal combustion under any driving conditions.

   5. When the engine is cold, fuel is injected from the fuel injector assemblies (for port injection) to create a homogenous lean air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. Fuel is also injected from the fuel injector assemblies (for direct injection) during the latter half of the compression stroke to adjust the air-fuel mixture around the spark plug to allow stable combustion under retarded ignition timing, thus increasing exhaust gas temperature. This promotes rapid warming of the catalysts and achieves cleaner emissions.

      

      *1	Fuel Injector Assembly (for Direct Injection)	*2	Fuel Injector Assembly (for Port Injection)
      *a	Intake Port	*b	Combustion Chamber