SFI SYSTEM, Diagnostic DTC:P0420

DTC Code	DTC Name
P0420	Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1)

MONITOR DESCRIPTION

The ECM uses sensors mounted in front of and behind the Three-Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) to monitor its efficiency.

The first sensor, the air fuel ratio sensor, sends pre-catalyst information to the ECM. The second sensor, the heated oxygen sensor, sends post-catalyst information to the ECM.

In order to detect any deterioration in the three-way catalytic converter, the ECM calculates the oxygen storage capacity of the three-way catalytic converter. This calculation is based on the voltage output of the heated oxygen sensor while performing active air fuel ratio control.

The oxygen storage capacity value is an indication of the oxygen storage capacity of the three-way catalytic converter. When the vehicle is being driven with a warm engine, active air fuel ratio control is performed for approximately 30 seconds. When it is performed, the ECM deliberately sets the air fuel ratio to lean or rich levels. If the cycle of the waveform for the heated oxygen sensor is long, the oxygen storage capacity is great. There is a direct correlation between the heated oxygen sensor and the oxygen storage capacity of the three-way catalytic converter.

The ECM uses the oxygen storage capacity value to determine the state of the three-way catalytic converter. If any deterioration has occurred, the ECM illuminates the MIL and stored the DTC.

This system determines the deterioration of the entire catalyst system (including the front and rear catalysts), by using the oxygen storage capacity value of the front catalyst, that is more sensitive than the rear catalyst, as the representative value. Therefore, be sure to replace the front and rear catalysts together when catalyst replacement is necessary.

DTC No.	DTC Detection Condition	Trouble Area
P0420	The oxygen storage capacity value is less than the standard value under active air fuel ratio control (2 trip detection logic).	Gas leak from exhaust system Air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1) Heated oxygen sensor (sensor 2) Exhaust manifold (TWC: Front catalyst) and front exhaust pipe assembly (TWC: Rear catalyst) EGR valve assembly

CATALYST LOCATION

Text in Illustration
*1	Air Fuel Ratio Sensor (Sensor 1)	*2	Heated Oxygen Sensor (Sensor 2)
*3	TWC: Front Catalyst	*4	TWC: Rear Catalyst
*5	Tail Exhaust Pipe Assembly	*6	Exhaust Manifold
*7	Front Exhaust Pipe Assembly	-	-

Note

Replace the exhaust manifold (*6) and the front exhaust pipe assembly (*7) together when catalyst replacement is necessary. (Excluding air fuel ratio sensor *1 and heated oxygen sensor *2)

MONITOR STRATEGY

Required Sensors/Components (Main)

Air fuel ratio sensor

Heated oxygen sensor

Required Sensors/Components (Related)

Intake air temperature sensor

Mass air flow meter

Crankshaft position sensor

Engine coolant temperature sensor

Frequency of Operation

Once per driving cycle

TYPICAL ENABLING CONDITIONS

Auxiliary battery voltage	11 V or higher
Intake air temperature	-10°C (14°F) or higher
Engine coolant temperature	75°C (167°F) or higher
Atmospheric pressure	76 kPa(abs) [570 mmHg(abs)] or higher
Idling	Off
Engine speed	Less than 4000 rpm
Air fuel ratio sensor status	Activated
Fuel system status	Closed loop
Engine load	10% or higher, and less than 70%
All of the following conditions are met	-
Mass air flow rate	2.5 gm/sec or more, and less than 40 gm/sec
Front catalyst temperature (estimated)	560°C (1040°F) or higher, and less than 770°C (1418°F)
Rear catalyst temperature (estimated)	450°C (842°F) or higher, and less than 700°C (1292°F)

CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN

Tech Tips

Performing this confirmation driving pattern will activate the catalyst efficiency monitor. This is very useful for verifying the completion of a repair.

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the ignition switch to ON (IG).
Turn the GTS on.
Clear the DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC procedure).
Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
Turn the ignition switch to ON (IG) and turn the GTS on.
Put the engine in inspection mode (maintenance mode) Click here.
Start the engine and warm it up until the engine coolant temperature is 75°C (167°F) or higher [A].
Drive the vehicle at approximately 75 to 100 km/h (47 to 62 mph) for 10 minutes or more [B].

CAUTION:

When performing the confirmation driving pattern, obey all speed limits and traffic laws.

Tech Tips

Drive the vehicle while keeping the engine load as constant as possible.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes [C].
Read the pending DTCs.
Tech Tips
- If a pending DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning.
- If a pending DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Utility / All Readiness.
Input the DTC: P0420.

Check the DTC judgment result.

GTS Display	Description
NORMAL	DTC judgment completed System normal
ABNORMAL	DTC judgment completed System abnormal
INCOMPLETE	DTC judgment not completed Perform driving pattern after confirming DTC enabling conditions
N/A	Unable to perform DTC judgment Number of DTCs which do not fulfill DTC preconditions has reached ECU memory limit

Tech Tips

If the judgment result shows NORMAL, the system is normal.
If the judgment result shows ABNORMAL, the system has a malfunction.
If the judgment result shows INCOMPLETE or N/A, perform steps [D] and [E].

Drive the vehicle at approximately 75 to 100 km/h (47 to 62 mph) for 10 minutes or more [D].

CAUTION:

When performing the confirmation driving pattern, obey all speed limits and traffic laws.

Tech Tips

Drive the vehicle while keeping the engine load as constant as possible.
Check the DTC judgment result again [E].

Tech Tips

If the judgment result shows INCOMPLETE or N/A, drive the vehicle again under an increased load and then recheck the judgment result.

CONDITIONING FOR SENSOR TESTING

Tech Tips

Perform the operation with the engine speeds and time durations described below prior to checking the waveforms of the air fuel ratio and heated oxygen sensors. This is to activate the sensors sufficiently to obtain appropriate inspection results.

(a) Connect the GTS to the DLC3 [A].
(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON (IG) and turn the GTS on [B].
(c) Put the engine in inspection mode (maintenance mode) Click here [C].
(d) Start the engine and warm it up with all the accessories switched off until the engine coolant temperature stabilizes [D].
(e) Run the engine at an engine speed of 2500 rpm for at least 3 minutes [E].

Tech Tips

During charging control, the engine speed is set at idle. Therefore, the engine speed does not increase when depressing the accelerator pedal. In this case, perform step [E] after charging control has completed.
(f) While running the engine at 2500 rpm for 2 seconds and 1500 rpm for 2 seconds, check the waveforms of the air fuel ratio and heated oxygen sensors using the GTS [F].
Tech Tips
- If either of the voltage outputs of the air fuel ratio or heated oxygen sensor does not fluctuate, or there is noise in the waveform of either sensor, the sensor may be malfunctioning.
- If the voltage outputs of both the sensors remain lean or rich, the air fuel ratio may be extremely lean or rich. In such cases, perform the Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor Active Test using the GTS.
- If the three-way catalytic converter has deteriorated, the heated oxygen sensor (located behind the three-way catalytic converter) voltage output fluctuates up and down frequently, even under normal driving conditions (active air fuel ratio control is not performed).

CAUTION / NOTICE / HINT

Tech Tips

If a malfunction cannot be found when troubleshooting DTC P0420, a lean or rich abnormality may be the cause. Perform troubleshooting by following the inspection procedure for P0171 (System Too Lean) and P0172 (System Too Rich).
Sensor 1 refers to the sensor closest to the engine assembly.
Sensor 2 refers to the sensor farthest away from the engine assembly.
Read freeze frame data using the GTS. The ECM records vehicle and driving condition information as freeze frame data the moment a DTC is stored. When troubleshooting, freeze frame data can help determine if the vehicle was moving or stationary, if the engine was warmed up or not, if the air fuel ratio was lean or rich, and other data from the time the malfunction occurred.

PROCEDURE

CHECK ANY OTHER DTCS OUTPUT (IN ADDITION TO DTC P0420)

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the ignition switch to ON (IG).
Turn the GTS on.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes.

Read the DTCs.

Result
Result	Proceed to
DTC P0420 is output	A
DTC P0420 and other DTCs are output	B

Tech Tips

If any DTCs other than P0420 are output, troubleshoot those DTCs first.

GO TO DTC CHART Click here

PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (CONTROL THE INJECTION VOLUME FOR A/F SENSOR)

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the ignition switch to ON (IG).
Turn the GTS on.
Put the engine in inspection mode (maintenance mode) Click here.
Start the engine and warm it up.
Run the engine at an engine speed of 2500 rpm for approximately 3 minutes.

Tech Tips

During charging control, the engine speed is set at idle. Therefore, the engine speed does not increase when depressing the accelerator pedal. In this case, warm up the engine after charging control has completed.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Active Test / Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor / All Data / AFS Voltage B1S1 and O2S B1S2.
Perform the Active Test operation with the engine idling (press the RIGHT or LEFT button to change the fuel injection volume).

Monitor the voltage outputs of the air fuel ratio sensor and heated oxygen sensor (AFS Voltage B1S1 and O2S B1S2) displayed on the GTS.

Tech Tips

The Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor operation lowers the fuel injection volume by 12.5% or increases the injection volume by 12.5%.
Each sensor reacts in accordance with increases and decreases in the fuel injection volume.
The air fuel ratio sensor has an output delay of a few seconds and the heated oxygen sensor has a maximum output delay of approximately 20 seconds.
If the sensor output voltage does not change (almost no reaction) while performing the Active Test, the sensor may be malfunctioning.

Standard

GTS Display (Sensor)	Injection Volume	Status	Voltage
AFS Voltage B1S1 (Air fuel ratio)	12.5%	Rich	Below 3.1 V
AFS Voltage B1S1 (Air fuel ratio)	-12.5%	Lean	Higher than 3.4 V
O2S B1S2 (Heated oxygen)	12.5%	Rich	Higher than 0.55 V
O2S B1S2 (Heated oxygen)	-12.5%	Lean	Below 0.4 V

Result
Status AFS Voltage B1S1	Status O2S B1S2	Actual air fuel ratio, air fuel ratio sensor and heated oxygen sensor condition	Misfire	Main Suspected Trouble Area	Proceed to
Lean/Rich	Lean/Rich	Normal	-	Three-way catalytic converter Gas leak from exhaust system EGR valve assembly	A
Lean	Lean/Rich	Air fuel ratio sensor malfunction	-	Air fuel ratio sensor	B
Rich	Lean/Rich	Air fuel ratio sensor malfunction	-	Air fuel ratio sensor	B
Lean/Rich	Lean	Heated oxygen sensor malfunction	-	Heated oxygen sensor Gas leak from exhaust system	C
Lean/Rich	Rich	Heated oxygen sensor malfunction	-	Heated oxygen sensor Gas leak from exhaust system	C
Lean	Lean	Actual air fuel ratio lean	May occur	Extremely lean actual air fuel ratio Gas leak from exhaust system EGR valve assembly	D
Rich	Rich	Actual air fuel ratio rich	-	Extremely rich actual air fuel ratio Gas leak from exhaust system EGR valve assembly	D

Lean: During Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor, the air fuel ratio sensor output voltage (AFS Voltage B1S1) is consistently higher than 3.4 V, and the heated oxygen sensor output voltage (O2S B1S2) is consistently below 0.4 V.
Rich: During Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor, the AFS Voltage B1S1 is consistently below 3.1 V, and the O2S B1S2 is consistently higher than 0.55 V.
Lean/Rich: During Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor of the Active Test, the output voltage of the air fuel ratio sensor and heated oxygen sensor alternate correctly.

REPLACE AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR Click here

CHECK FOR EXHAUST GAS LEAK Click here

CHECK FOR EXHAUST GAS LEAK
1. Check for exhaust gas leaks.
  
  OK
  
  No gas leaks.
NG
REPAIR OR REPLACE EXHAUST GAS LEAK POINT Click here

OK

OK
No gas leaks.

PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (CONTROL THE EGR STEP POSITION)

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the power switch on (IG).
Turn the GTS on.
Put the engine in inspection mode (maintenance mode) Click here.
Start the engine and warm it up until the engine coolant temperature reaches 75°C (167°F) or higher.

Tech Tips

The A/C switch and all accessory switches should be off.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Active Test / Control the EGR Step Position / Data List / All Data / Throttle Idle Position and MAP.

Confirm that the Throttle Idle Position is ON and check the MAP value in the Data List while performing the Active Test.

Note

Do not leave the EGR valve open for 10 seconds or more during the Active Test.
Be sure to return the EGR valve to step 0 when the Active Test is completed.
Do not open the EGR valve 30 steps or more during the Active Test.

OK
MAP change in response to EGR step position when Throttle Idle Position is ON in Data List.

Standard

EGR Step Position (Active Test)

0 Steps

0 to 30 Steps

MAP

(Data List)

(EGR valve is fully closed)

MAP value is at least +10 kPa (75 mmHg) higher than when EGR valve is fully closed

Tech Tips

While performing the Active Test, if the increase in the value of MAP is small, the EGR valve assembly may be a malfunctioning.
Even if the EGR valve assembly is malfunctioning, rough idling or an increase in the value of MAP may occur while performing the Active Test. However, the amount that the value of MAP increases will be smaller than normal.

Result

Result	Proceed to
Outside of standard range	A
Within standard range	B

REPLACE EXHAUST MANIFOLD (TWC: FRONT CATALYST) AND FRONT EXHAUST PIPE ASSEMBLY (TWC: REAR CATALYST) Click here

INSPECT EGR VALVE ASSEMBLY
1. Remove the EGR valve assembly Click here.
2. Check if the EGR valve is stuck open.
  
  OK
  
  EGR valve is tightly closed.
  
  Tech Tips
  
  Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the EGR valve assembly Click here.
NG
REPLACE EGR VALVE ASSEMBLY Click here

OK
REPLACE EXHAUST MANIFOLD (TWC: FRONT CATALYST) AND FRONT EXHAUST PIPE ASSEMBLY (TWC: REAR CATALYST)

Note

Replace the exhaust manifold (TWC: Front catalyst) and the front exhaust pipe assembly (TWC: Rear catalyst) together when catalyst replacement is necessary.

Tech Tips

Confirm the replacement parts, referring to the illustration in the Catalyst Location.
1. Replace the exhaust manifold (TWC: Front catalyst) Click here.
2. Replace the front exhaust pipe assembly (TWC: Rear catalyst) Click here.
NEXT
END
REPLACE AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR
1. Replace the air fuel ratio sensor Click here.
  
  Tech Tips
  
  Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the air fuel ratio sensor Click here.
NEXT
CHECK WHETHER DTC OUTPUT RECURS (DTC P0420) Click here
CHECK FOR EXHAUST GAS LEAK
1. Check for exhaust gas leaks.
  
  OK
  
  No gas leaks.
NG
REPAIR OR REPLACE EXHAUST GAS LEAK POINT Click here

OK
REPLACE HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR
1. Replace the heated oxygen sensor Click here.
NEXT
CHECK WHETHER DTC OUTPUT RECURS (DTC P0420) Click here
CHECK FOR EXHAUST GAS LEAK
1. Check the exhaust gas leaks.
  
  OK
  
  No gas leaks.
NG
REPAIR OR REPLACE EXHAUST GAS LEAK POINT Click here

OK

OK
EGR valve is tightly closed.

OK
No gas leaks.

OK
No gas leaks.

PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (CONTROL THE EGR STEP POSITION)

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the power switch on (IG).
Turn the GTS on.
Put the engine in inspection mode (maintenance mode) Click here.
Start the engine and warm it up until the engine coolant temperature reaches 75°C (167°F) or higher.

Tech Tips

The A/C switch and all accessory switches should be off.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Active Test / Control the EGR Step Position / Data List / All Data / Throttle Idle Position and MAP.

Confirm that the Throttle Idle Position is ON and check the MAP value in the Data List while performing the Active Test.

Note

Do not leave the EGR valve open for 10 seconds or more during the Active Test.
Be sure to return the EGR valve to step 0 when the Active Test is completed.
Do not open the EGR valve 30 steps or more during the Active Test.

OK
MAP change in response to EGR step position when Throttle Idle Position is ON in Data List.

Standard

EGR Step Position (Active Test)

0 Steps

0 to 30 Steps

MAP

(Data List)

(EGR valve is fully closed)

MAP value is at least +10 kPa (75 mmHg) higher than when EGR valve is fully closed

Tech Tips

While performing the Active Test, if the increase in the value of MAP is small, the EGR valve assembly may be a malfunctioning.
Even if the EGR valve assembly is malfunctioning, rough idling or an increase in the value of MAP may occur while performing the Active Test. However, the amount that the value of MAP increases will be smaller than normal.

Result

Result	Proceed to
Outside of standard range	A
Within standard range	B

CHECK CAUSE OF EXTREMELY RICH OR LEAN ACTUAL AIR FUEL RATIO Click here

INSPECT EGR VALVE ASSEMBLY
1. Remove the EGR valve assembly Click here.
2. Check if the EGR valve is stuck open.
  
  OK
  
  EGR valve is tightly closed.
  
  Tech Tips
  
  Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the EGR valve assembly Click here.
NG
REPLACE EGR VALVE ASSEMBLY Click here

OK
CHECK CAUSE OF EXTREMELY RICH OR LEAN ACTUAL AIR FUEL RATIO
1. Check the cause of extremely rich or lean actual air fuel ratio, referring to the DTC P0171 Inspection Procedure Click here.
NEXT
CHECK WHETHER DTC OUTPUT RECURS (DTC P0420) Click here
REPAIR OR REPLACE EXHAUST GAS LEAK POINT
1. Repair or replace exhaust gas leak point.
  
  Tech Tips
  
  Perform "Inspection After Repair" after repairing or replacing the exhaust system Click here.
NEXT

OK
EGR valve is tightly closed.

CHECK WHETHER DTC OUTPUT RECURS (DTC P0420)

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the ignition switch to ON (IG).
Turn the GTS on.
Clear the DTCs Click here.
Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
Turn the ignition switch to ON (IG).
Turn the GTS on.
Put the engine in inspection mode (maintenance mode) Click here.
Start the engine.
Drive the vehicle in accordance with the driving pattern described in Confirmation Driving Pattern.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes.

Read the DTCs.

Result
Result	Proceed to
DTC P0420 is output	A
DTC is not output (No pending DTCs output)	B

END

REPLACE EXHAUST MANIFOLD (TWC: FRONT CATALYST) AND FRONT EXHAUST PIPE ASSEMBLY (TWC: REAR CATALYST)

Note

Replace the exhaust manifold (TWC: Front catalyst) and the front exhaust pipe assembly (TWC: Rear catalyst) together when catalyst replacement is necessary.

Tech Tips

Confirm the replacement parts, referring to the illustration in the Catalyst Location.
1. Replace the exhaust manifold (TWC: Front catalyst) Click here.
2. Replace the front exhaust pipe assembly (TWC: Rear catalyst) Click here.
NEXT
END