DESCRIPTION
Oil Leak Type | Description | Main Trouble Area |
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Internal oil leak (White smoke) |
Oil leak from bearing housing to compressor housing (intake side) or turbine housing (exhaust side) through seal rings. Internal oil leak is not visible from outside of turbocharger. If oil leak occurs from turbine side seal, large amount of white smoke will be emitted from exhaust pipe. |
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External oil leak | Oil leak from inside of turbocharger to outside of turbocharger (e.g. from FIPG seal, oil pipe flange or oil pipe union). Includes oil leak visible from outside of turbocharger. |
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Tech Tips
Turbocharger oil leaks are classified into 2 types. One is an internal oil leak, and the other is an external oil leak.
Each part of the turbocharger is shown below.
When oil leaks and smoke occur, sometimes the turbocharger is mistakenly replaced, even though the turbocharger is not the cause of the problem.
When there are oil marks on the surface of the compressor housing, or oil in the compressor inlet or outlet, the problem may mistakenly be determined to be a turbocharger oil leak.
*1 | Turbine Housing | *2 | Seal Ring |
*3 | Turbine Wheel | *4 | Oil Drain (Outlet) |
*5 | Bearing Housing | *6 | Turbine Shaft |
*7 | Compressor Impeller | *8 | Compressor Housing |
*9 | FIPG Sealing Part | *10 | Compressor Inlet |
*a | Internal oil leak to turbine housing | *b | Internal oil leak to compressor housing |
*A | Fig. 1 | - | - |
Tech Tips
This illustration is not the turbocharger of the 1AD-FTV engine.
If the oil stain is similar to the one shown in the illustration (fig. 1), it may be oil spray from parts surrounding the turbocharger or oil leaking from the air cleaner hose. Therefore, this kind of oil stain on the outer surface of the turbocharger is not an oil leak from the turbocharger (external oil leak), and is not related to white smoke. For identification of an actual turbocharger outer oil leak, check only the sealing part shown below.
*A | Fig. 2 | *B | Fig. 3 |
*a | Oil Existence at Compressor Inlet (Max. 5 cm3) |
*b | Oil Existence at Compressor Outlet |
Tech Tips
This illustration is not the turbocharger of the 1AD-FTV engine.
A certain amount of oil is contained in the intake system because blow-by gas containing oil mist is returned to the intake system by the PCV. Therefore, the oil amount at the compressor inlet shown in the left figure (fig. 2) is normal and not an oil leak from the turbocharger (internal oil leak). Also, oil at the compressor outlet as shown in fig. 3 is normal.
*A | Fig. 4 | - | - |
*a | In the case of an actual oil leak, oil leaks from the sealed part | *b | Oil Leak Check Point (FIPG Sealing Part) |
Tech Tips
This illustration is not the turbocharger of the 1AD-FTV engine.
This is an illustration (fig. 4) of an air leak test performed by applying soapy water to the area of the leak. Bubbles indicate the leak point.
Faults and Symptoms of Turbocharger Parts
Main fault | Seal ring breakage | |
Symptoms |
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Note |
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Main fault | Seal ring breakage | |
Symptoms |
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Note |
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Main fault | Oil drain clogging by coked oil | |
Symptoms | Large amount of white smoke from exhaust pipe |
Tech Tips
Oil coking is caused by insufficient oil maintenance.
If the oil drain is clogged by coked oil, oil cannot be drained smoothly, and it overflows from the bearing housing to the compressor housing and turbine housing. This results in a large amount of white smoke from the exhaust pipe.
*1 | Oil Drain | - | - |
*a | Coked Oil | *b | Oil Drain Clogged with Coked Oil |
Tech Tips
This illustration is not the turbocharger of the 1AD-FTV engine.
Main fault |
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Symptoms |
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Note |
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Main fault | Breakage | |
Symptoms |
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Note |
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Symptoms | Oil leak from FIPG sealing part | |
Note |
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*1 | Compressor Back Plate | *2 | FIPG Sealing Part |
*3 | Compressor Housing | - | - |
*a | Oil Leak | *b | Oil Leak from FIPG Sealing Part |
Tech Tips
This illustration is not the turbocharger of the 1AD-FTV engine.
Symptoms | Oil leak from hose connection between hose and compressor housing | |
Note | If oil stain is traced to hose connection part, it can be determined to be due to hose connection failure. |
*A | Fig. 5 | - | - |
*1 | Compressor Outlet | *2 | Compressor Housing |
*a | Trace of Oil Leak from Hose Connection Part | *b | Oil Leak from Hose Connection Part |
Tech Tips
This illustration is not the turbocharger of the 1AD-FTV engine.
INSPECTION PROCEDURE
PROCEDURE
CHECK TYPE OF OIL LEAK
Check whether the oil leak is an internal or external oil leak.
Tech Tips
White smoke is not related to an external oil leak.
Oil Leak Type | Description |
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Internal oil leak (White smoke) |
Oil leak from bearing housing to compressor housing (intake side) or turbine housing (exhaust side) through seal rings. Internal oil leak is not visible from outside of turbocharger. If oil leak occurs from turbine side seal, large amount of white smoke will be emitted from exhaust pipe. |
External oil leak | Oil leak from inside of turbocharger to outside of turbocharger (e.g. from FIPG seal, oil pipe flange or oil pipe union). Includes oil leaks visible from outside of turbocharger. |
Result | Proceed to |
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External oil leak | A |
Internal oil leak | B |
B |
CHECK WHITE SMOKE Click here |
A |
REPLACE THE PART WHICH IS LEAKING OIL
Replace the part which is leaking oil.
NEXT |
END
CHECK WHITE SMOKE
Fully depress the accelerator pedal, and then release it.
*a | Example |
Check whether white smoke is emitted or not when racing the engine.
CAUTION:
Be sure not to check for white smoke indoors.
Result | Proceed to |
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White smoke is emitted | A |
White smoke is not emitted | B |
Tech Tips
If white smoke appears for only a short period of time immediately after the engine is started, the white smoke is not from the turbocharger.
If the turbocharger is the cause of the problem, regardless of whether the engine is cold or warmed up, there will be a large amount of white smoke to the extent that visibility is obstructed for a few meters in the area of the smoke (as shown in the illustration).
Depending on whether there is oil mixed with the fuel, or whether there is unburned fuel present, the smell of the exhaust gas differs. When oil is mixed in, the exhaust gas smells like burning oil.
A |
GO TO WHITE SMOKE EMITTED Click here |
B |
INSPECT COMPRESSOR INLET
Remove the air cleaner hose from the compressor inlet.
Check whether an excessive amount of oil is present or not, and whether excessive oil deposits are attached to the compressor impeller or not.
Tech Tips
A certain amount of oil may be present as shown in fig. 2 in "Description", because a certain amount of oil mist is contained in the PCV gas and this oil accumulates just before the compressor inlet.
If an excessive amount of oil is present at the compressor inlet, there may be a problem in the PCV system.
Reinstall the air cleaner hose.
NEXT |
INSPECT COMPRESSOR OUTLET
Remove the air hose from the compressor outlet.
Check whether or not an excessive amount of oil or excessive oil deposits are present at the compressor outlet.
Tech Tips
A certain amount of oil may be present as shown in fig. 3 in "Description", because a certain amount of oil mist is contained in the PCV gas.
Result | Proceed to |
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Excessive amount of oil present at both compressor inlet and outlet | A |
Excessive amount of oil present only at compressor outlet | B |
Excessive amount of oil not present at compressor inlet or outlet | C |
Reinstall the air hose.
A |
CHECK PCV SYSTEM |
B |
REPLACE TURBOCHARGER SUB-ASSEMBLY Click here |
C |
INSPECT TURBINE INLET
Remove the turbocharger from the engine.
Check whether an excessive amount of wet oil or excessive oil deposits are present at the turbine inlet.
Tech Tips
Be sure not to mistake carbon soot for oil.
NEXT |
INSPECT TURBINE OUTLET
Check whether an excessive amount of wet oil or excessive oil deposits are present at the turbine outlet.
Tech Tips
Be sure not to mistake carbon soot for oil.
If the turbocharger shaft is tilted, some amount of oil will flow out from the bearing housing. Therefore, be sure not to mistake oil that flowed out from the bearing housing during or after the removal of the turbocharger for oil that was present before the removal of the turbocharger.
If an excessive amount of oil or excessive oil deposits are present at the turbine inlet, this oil is coming from the exhaust port of the cylinders, and may indicate a problem in 1 or more cylinders.
Result | Proceed to |
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Excessive amount of oil present at both turbine inlet and outlet | A |
Excessive amount of oil present only at turbine outlet | B |
A |
CHECK ENGINE TO DETERMINE CAUSE OF OIL IN TURBOCHARGER |
B |
REPLACE TURBOCHARGER SUB-ASSEMBLY
Replace the turbocharger sub-assembly Click here.
NEXT |
CONFIRM WHETHER MALFUNCTION HAS BEEN SUCCESSFULLY REPAIRED
NEXT |
END