SFI SYSTEM(w/o Canister Pump Module), Diagnostic DTC:P137800

DTC Code	DTC Name
P137800	Pre-ignition Detected

DESCRIPTION

If sudden early ignition (pre-ignition) occurs continuously in a short period of time, a DTC is stored. Pre-ignition is a phenomenon inherent to small displacement forced-induction engines. Atomized engine oil and detached deposits (carbon) can cause pre-ignition and promote engine knocking during low-speed, high-output operation. This is higher pressure knocking than normal knocking.

Pre-ignition is detected by the knock control sensor.

When pre-ignition occurs, the ECM limits output to suppress the pre-ignition. If pre-ignition occurs continuously, fuel cut may be performed in some situations, which may cause vehicle behavior similar to hesitation or shift shock. This is not a malfunction.

As pre-ignition cannot be detected if a knock control sensor malfunction occurs, the same fail-safe control occurs as for strong knock detection.

Tech Tips

When this DTC is stored, the ECM enters fail-safe mode.
During fail-safe mode, the ECM limits the output.
Fail-safe mode continues until a pass condition is detected.

DTC No.	Detection Item	DTC Detection Condition	MIL	Memory	Note
P137800	Pre-ignition Detected	Continuous pre-ignition prevention fuel-cut control is performed twice (1 trip detection logic). Continuous pre-ignition prevention fuel-cut control operation conditions: Sudden early ignition (pre-ignition) occurs 5 times or more continuously in a short period of time.	Does not come on	DTC stored	SAE Code: P1378

DTC No.

Detection Item

DTC Detection Condition

MIL

Memory

Note

P137800

Pre-ignition Detected

Continuous pre-ignition prevention fuel-cut control is performed twice (1 trip detection logic).

Continuous pre-ignition prevention fuel-cut control operation conditions: Sudden early ignition (pre-ignition) occurs 5 times or more continuously in a short period of time.

Does not come on

DTC stored

SAE Code: P1378

Trouble Area
Ignition system	Ignition malfunction of ignition coil assembly or spark plug
Fuel injection system	Decrease in fuel injection volume (for Direct Injection)
Lubrication system	High oil consumption Dilute / deteriorated oil Additive
Fuel system	Diesel fuel contamination Addition of fuel additives Fuel pump assembly Low quality fuel
Engine related	Accumulated deposit (in combustion chamber)
Intake system	Air leaks
Exhaust system	Clogged exhaust system component

Tech Tips

As strong knocking due to pre-ignition may be caused by multiple superimposed factors, it is important to comprehensively investigate all possible causes.
The risk of this occurring is increased if driving up a steep incline while towing in a low gear, as low-speed, high-output operation occurs.

CAUTION / NOTICE / HINT

Tech Tips

If the customer reports a knocking sound or drivability problems, check the value of Data List items "Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #1 History" through "Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #4 History".
If the distance traveled recorded in the Data List subtracted from the value of Distance for Control is equal to the customer reported mileage of the vehicle when control occurred subtracted from the current vehicle mileage, explain to the customer that this condition is due to normal control to prevent pre-ignition and not a malfunction.
Read freeze frame data using the GTS. The ECM records vehicle and driving condition information as freeze frame data the moment a DTC is stored. When troubleshooting, freeze frame data can help determine if the vehicle was moving or stationary, if the engine was warmed up or not, if the air fuel ratio was lean or rich, and other data from the time the malfunction occurred.

PROCEDURE

CHECK ANY OTHER DTCS OUTPUT (IN ADDITION TO DTC P137800)

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).
Turn the GTS on.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Trouble Codes.

Read the DTCs.

Powertrain > Engine > Trouble Codes

Result

Result	Proceed to
DTC P137800 is output	A
DTC P137800 and other DTCs are output	B

Tech Tips

If any DTCs other than P137800 are output, troubleshoot those DTCs first.

GO TO DTC CHART Click here

READ FREEZE FRAME DATA

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).
Turn the GTS on.

Using the GTS, confirm the vehicle conditions recorded in the freeze frame data which were present when the DTC was stored.

Tech Tips

Check the freeze frame data sets recorded the moment the DTC was stored and after the DTC was stored.
Using the freeze frame data, confirm the vehicle conditions when the DTC was stored, such as if the engine was idling with the shift lever in P, D or N or if the vehicle was being driven at a constant speed or accelerating.

Confirmation Item
Vehicle Speed	Short FT Bank 1
Engine Speed	Long FT Bank 1
Vehicle Load	Fuel System Status Bank 1
Coolant Temperature	Misfire Count Cylinder #1 to #4

Result

Proceed to
NEXT

READ VALUE USING GTS

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Start the engine.
Turn the GTS on.

Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #1 History 1 to Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #4 History 4, Fuel Cut History 1 to Fuel Cut History 4

Powertrain > Engine > Data List

Tester Display
Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #1 History 1
Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #1 History 2
Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #1 History 3
Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #1 History 4
Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #2 History 1
Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #2 History 2
Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #2 History 3
Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #2 History 4
Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #3 History 1
Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #3 History 2
Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #3 History 3
Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #3 History 4
Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #4 History 1
Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #4 History 2
Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #4 History 3
Consecutive Prevention Cylinder #4 History 4
Fuel Cut History 1
Fuel Cut History 2
Fuel Cut History 3
Fuel Cut History 4

According to the freeze frame data, attempt to reproduce the vehicle conditions that were present when the DTC was stored and read the Data List.

Result

Result	Proceed to
Values are displayed for multiple consecutive prevention cylinder histories of a specific cylinder	A
Values are displayed for multiple consecutive prevention cylinder histories of all cylinders	B

Tech Tips

If values are displayed for multiple consecutive prevention cylinder histories of a specific cylinder, check the value of freeze frame data items Misfire Count Cylinder #1 through #4. If the misfire count of that cylinder is high, the cylinder is malfunctioning.
If the vehicle conditions when the DTC was stored cannot be reproduced, read the value of freeze frame data items Misfire Count Cylinder #1 through #4 to determine if only a specific cylinder or all cylinders are malfunctioning.

READ VALUE USING GTS (SHORT FT BANK 1 AND LONG FT BANK 1) Click here

CHECK IGNITION SYSTEM

Check the ignition system.

Tech Tips

Interchange the ignition coil assembly and spark plug of the malfunctioning cylinder with those of a known good cylinder and according to the freeze frame data, check if the malfunctioning cylinder returns to normal.
Read the Data List items Misfire Count Cylinder #1 to #4 while performing this procedure to determine which cylinder is malfunctioning.

Result

Result	Proceed to
The malfunctioning cylinder returns to normal	A
The malfunctioning cylinder does not return to normal	B

GO TO STEP 22 Click here

INSPECT OTHER RELATED COMPONENTS

Check the power source circuit, wire harness and connectors.

Result

Proceed to
NEXT

GO TO STEP 22 Click here

READ VALUE USING GTS (SHORT FT BANK 1 AND LONG FT BANK 1)

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Start the engine.
Turn the GTS on.

Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / Short FT Bank 1 and Long FT Bank 1.

Powertrain > Engine > Data List

Tester Display
Short FT Bank 1
Long FT Bank 1

According to the freeze frame data, attempt to reproduce the vehicle conditions that were present when the DTC was stored and read the Data List.

Result

Data List	Result	Proceed to
Short FT Bank 1 + Long FT Bank 1	-15% or higher, or less than 15%	A
Short FT Bank 1 + Long FT Bank 1	Other than above	B

Tech Tips

If the vehicle conditions when the DTC was stored cannot be reproduced, read the value of freeze frame data items Short FT Bank 1 and Long FT Bank 1 to perform judgment.
"Total FT Bank 1" is used to detect an abnormal air fuel ratio. As the value of "Total FT Bank 1" is corrected by the ECM before it is displayed in the Data List, the displayed value may not be equal to the sum of the measured "Short FT Bank 1" and "Long FT Bank 1".
An abnormally lean or rich tendency can be checked by reading the following Data List items: A/F Learn Value Idle Bank 1, A/F Learn Value Low Bank 1, A/F Learn Value Mid No.1 Bank 1, A/F Learn Value Mid No.2 Bank 1, A/F Learn Value High Bank 1, A/F Learn Value Low (Dual) Bank 1, A/F Learn Value Mid (Dual) No.1 Bank 1, A/F Learn Value Mid (Dual) No.2 Bank 1 and A/F Learn Value High (Dual) Bank 1.
The following may cause a lean air fuel ratio (an operating range in which the air fuel ratio learned value correction is +15% or more):

Decrease in fuel injector assembly injection volume
Decrease in mass air flow meter sub-assembly output (due to existence of foreign matter)
Air leaks in intake system after mass air flow meter sub-assembly
Decrease in fuel pressure (at fuel filter, fuel pump, fuel main valve assembly or fuel suction plate sub-assembly)

On vehicles which the learning value for each operating range can be checked, if the value of "A/F Learn Value High Bank 1" or "A/F Learn Value High (Dual) Bank 1" only is corrected to the positive side, a malfunction in the fuel system (clogging of the fuel pump or fuel filter) is suspected.
On vehicles which the learning value for each operating range can be checked, if the value of "A/F Learn Value Idle Bank 1", "A/F Learn Value Low Bank 1" or "A/F Learn Value Low (Dual) Bank 1" only is corrected to the positive side, an air leak after the mass air flow meter sub-assembly is suspected.
The following may cause a rich air fuel ratio (an operating range in which the air fuel ratio learned value correction is -15% or less):

Increase in the fuel injector assembly injection volume
Purge VSV system

READ VALUE USING GTS (MASS AIR FLOW SENSOR) Click here

INTERVIEW THE CUSTOMER

Interview the customer for details about when oil maintenance was last performed and what brand of oil was used.

Check whether the specified engine oil grade was used and that engine oil additives were not used.
Perform an engine oil inspection (check the oil level and for dirt, etc.).

Click here

OK
No problem with the engine oil.

Tech Tips

Strong knocking due to pre-ignition may be due to ignition of atomized engine oil under certain conditions.
The risk of this occurring may be increased if the engine oil used is not the specified oil grade.
The risk of this occurring may be increased if engine oil additives have been used.
As strong knocking due to pre-ignition may be caused by multiple superimposed factors, even if the engine oil inspection result is NG, perform the following inspections after replacing the engine oil.

Result

Proceed to
NEXT

INTERVIEW THE CUSTOMER

Interview the customer for details about what fuel they have used and smell the fuel to check for the following.

If the fuel smells like a mixture of gasoline and diesel fuel, etc..
If there is a possibility that diesel fuel may have be added by mistake.
If the malfunction started after refueling at an unfamiliar gas station.
If fuel additives have been used.

Tech Tips

Even if any of the above conditions are met, if the engine is not malfunctioning, fill the fuel tank at a different gas station and check if the malfunction recurs.

Result

Result	Proceed to
None of the above conditions are met and the engine is not malfunctioning.	A
One or more of the above conditions are met and the engine is malfunctioning.	B

Tech Tips

Strong knocking due to pre-ignition may be caused by the type fuel used.
The risk of pre-ignition occurring may be increased depending on the ingredients of fuel additives used.
Even if no abnormalities are found in this inspection, if a malfunction occurs after the vehicle has been refueled, a problem with the fuel is suspected.

REPLACE FUEL Click here

INSPECT OTHER RELATED COMPONENTS

Check for accumulated deposits (carbon) and remove them. Deposits (carbon) may act as an ignition source if they become detached, leading to pre-ignition.

Tech Tips

Strong knocking due to pre-ignition may be caused by detached deposits burning inside the cylinder.

Result

Proceed to
NEXT

GO TO STEP 22 Click here

REPLACE FUEL

Replace the fuel.

Result

Proceed to
NEXT

GO TO STEP 23 Click here

READ VALUE USING GTS (MASS AIR FLOW SENSOR)

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).
Turn the GTS on.
Start the engine and warm it up until the engine coolant temperature 75°C (167°F) or higher with all the accessories switched off.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / Mass Air Flow Sensor.

Powertrain > Engine > Data List

Tester Display

Mass Air Flow Sensor

Tester Display
Mass Air Flow Sensor

According to the display on the GTS, read the Data List when the engine switch is turned on (IG) and while maintaining an engine speed of 3000 rpm.

Result

Proceed to

Engine switch on (IG) (engine stopped): 0.57 gm/sec or higher

Engine speed 3000 rpm (without load): Less than 5.7 gm/sec

Other than above

PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (D-4S (INJECTION VOLUME)) Click here

CHECK INTAKE SYSTEM

Check for air leaks or blockage in the intake system components. If a connection problem or foreign matter is found, repair the connection or remove the foreign matter.

Tech Tips

If there is foreign matter in the intake system components, remove it before proceeding to the next step.
If there is no foreign matter in the intake system components, check for foreign matter in the mass air flow meter sub-assembly. If there is foreign matter in the mass air flow meter sub-assembly, remove it.

Result

Proceed to
NEXT

GO TO STEP 22 Click here

PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (D-4S (INJECTION VOLUME))

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).
Turn the GTS on.
Start the engine and warm it up until the engine coolant temperature 75°C (167°F) or higher with all the accessories switched off.
Warm up the air fuel ratio sensor at an engine speed of 2500 rpm for 90 seconds.
Idle the engine.

Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Active Test / D-4S (Injection Volume) / Data List / A/F (O2) Sensor Voltage B1S1 and O2 Sensor Voltage B1S2.

Powertrain > Engine > Active Test

Active Test Display
D-4S (Injection Volume)

Data List Display
A/F (O2) Sensor Voltage B1S1
O2 Sensor Voltage B1S2

According to the display on the GTS, perform the Active Test and check the vehicle conditions when increasing and decreasing the fuel injection volume of port injection and direct injection.

Note

The air fuel ratio sensor has an output delay of a few seconds and the heated oxygen sensor has a maximum output delay of approximately 20 seconds.
Read the output voltage immediately after warming up the air fuel ratio sensor and heated oxygen sensor to avoid an inaccurate reading due to a sensor cooling.

Tech Tips

Increase and decrease the fuel injection volume of the port injection and direct injection simultaneously and check the vehicle condition.
Change the fuel injection volume between the minimum and maximum range of correction (e.g. -12.5% to 24.8%).
When switching the injection method and performing the "D-4S (Injection Volume)" Active Test, switch from "Port" to "Direct".
Do not switch from "Direct" to "Port". When performing the inspection more than once, after the Active Test ends, lightly race the engine, and then perform the inspection from "Port" again.
If the display does not switch from "Port" even after lighting racing the engine, idle the engine for approximately 1 minute, and then lightly race the engine.

Result

GTS Display (Sensor)	Injection Volume	Voltage
A/F (O2) Sensor Voltage B1S1 (Air fuel ratio)	24.8%	Below 3.1 V
A/F (O2) Sensor Voltage B1S1 (Air fuel ratio)	-12.5%	Higher than 3.4 V
O2 Sensor Voltage B1S2 (Heated oxygen)	24.8%	Higher than 0.55 V
O2 Sensor Voltage B1S2 (Heated oxygen)	-12.5%	Below 0.4 V

Result

Result	Proceed to
Output voltage values are abnormal	A
Malfunction disappears when fuel injection volume is increased	B
Malfunction is still present when fuel injection volume is increased, even if output voltage values are normal	C

REPLACE FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY Click here

PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (ACTIVATE THE CIRCUIT RELAY) Click here

REPLACE AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR AND HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR

Replace the air fuel ratio sensor.

Click here

Tech Tips

Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the air fuel ratio sensor.

Click here

Replace the heated oxygen sensor.

Click here

Result

Proceed to
NEXT

GO TO STEP 23 Click here

REPLACE FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY

Replace the fuel injector assemblies of all cylinders.

Tech Tips

Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the fuel injector assembly.

Click here

Result

Proceed to
NEXT

GO TO STEP 23 Click here

PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (ACTIVATE THE CIRCUIT RELAY)

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).
Turn the GTS on.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Active Test / Activate the Circuit Relay.

Powertrain > Engine > Active Test

Tester Display

Activate the Circuit Relay

When performing the Active Test, check for an operating sound from the fuel pump (for low pressure side).

Activate the Circuit Relay	Specified Condition
ON	Operating sound heard
OFF	Operating sound not heard

Result

Proceed to
OK
NG

INSPECT FUEL PUMP CONTROL SYSTEM Click here

INSPECT FUEL PUMP (FOR LOW PRESSURE SIDE)

Attach a fuel pressure gauge and check the fuel pressure when cranking the engine and after stopping the engine.

Click here

Standard

Vehicle State	Specified Condition
Cranking engine	196 to 833 kPa (2.0 to 8.5 kgf/cm², 28 to 121 psi)
5 minutes after stopping engine	98 kPa (1.0 kgf/cm², 14 psi) or higher

Tech Tips

If there is foreign matter such as iron particles on the fuel pump (for low pressure side), remove it.
Make sure that there are no leaks from the fuel lines, signs of fuel leakage or fuel odors.
If the air fuel ratio becomes lean only when the engine is running under a high load and at a high engine speed, clogging of the fuel filter is suspected.

Result

Proceed to
OK
NG

INSPECT RELATED PARTS Click here

READ VALUE USING GTS (FUEL PRESSURE (HIGH))

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Start the engine.
Turn the GTS on.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / Fuel Pressure (High).

Powertrain > Engine > Data List

Tester Display

Fuel Pressure (High)

Read the values.

Standard
3000 rpm
4000 to 8000 kPag.

Tech Tips

The A/C switch and all accessory switches should be off, and the shift lever should be in P position, and the engine should be fully warmed up.

Result

Proceed to
OK
NG

GO TO STEP 22 Click here

INSPECT OTHER RELATED COMPONENTS

Inspect other related components.

Tech Tips

If the malfunctioning part could not be determined by performing the preceding inspections, one of the following malfunctions is suspected.

Engine mount deterioration
Deposits in the intake manifold or on an intake valve
Delay in fuel supply due to adherence of the fuel to the deposits

Result

Proceed to
NEXT

GO TO STEP 22 Click here

INSPECT RELATED PARTS

Inspect the following fuel pump (for low pressure side) related parts:

Fuel suction plate sub-assembly
Fuel main valve assembly
Fuel lines and connecting parts
Fuel filter

Result

Proceed to
NEXT

GO TO STEP 22 Click here

INSPECT FUEL PUMP CONTROL SYSTEM

Inspect the fuel pump control system.

Result

Proceed to
NEXT

REPAIR OR REPLACE MALFUNCTIONING PARTS

Repair or replace the malfunctioning part.

Perform "Inspection After Repair" after repairing or replacing the malfunctioning part.

Click here

Result

Proceed to
NEXT

CONDUCT CONFIRMATION TEST

Check that the engine has returned to normal.

Result

Proceed to
NEXT

CLEAR DTC

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).
Turn the GTS on.

Clear the DTCs.

Powertrain > Engine > Clear DTCs

Result

Proceed to
NEXT

END