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ECD SYSTEM Engine Knocking or Rattling

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DTC Code DTC Name
  Engine Knocking or Rattling
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DESCRIPTION

Malfunction Condition Main Trouble Area Related Trouble Area

  • Knocking and abnormal sound due to extremely rich combustion

  • Abnormal sound due to friction between parts

(a) Injector assembly malfunctions


  • Injector sliding malfunction

  • Injector stuck closed

  • Injector stuck open

  • Deposits in injector

  • Injector circuit malfunction

(b) Abnormal common rail pressure


  • Pre-stroke control valve

  • Fuel pulsation sound

  • Air in fuel

(c) Friction between parts

(d) Compression pressure

  • Injector compensation codes

  • Fuel leakage

  • Intake system leakage

  • Intake system blockage

  • EGR system

  • Throttle valve system

  • Fuel pressure sensor

  • Manifold absolute pressure sensor

  • Mass air flow meter sub-assembly

  • Atmospheric pressure sensor (built into ECM)

  • Vehicle modifications

  • Low quality fuel

  • Lack of fuel

  • ECM
Tip:

  • Specified values in the following troubleshooting flowchart are for reference only. Variations in the Data List values may occur depending on the measuring conditions or the vehicle's age. Do not judge the vehicle to be normal even when the Data List values indicate a standard level. There are possibly some concealed factors of the malfunction.

  • Check that the vehicle has not been modified in any way prior to the vehicle inspection.

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CAUTION / NOTICE / HINT

Tip:

  • This troubleshooting procedure checks for knocking and rattling.

  • Knocking is most likely to occur while the engine is idling.

Note:

  • After replacing the ECM, the new ECM needs registration (Click here ) and initialization (Click here).

  • After replacing an injector assembly, the ECM needs registration (Click here).

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PROCEDURE


  1. Click here

    CHECK SOUND AREA


    1. Find the source of the abnormal sound using a mechanic's sound scope.

      Result
      Result Proceed to
      Combustion noise from engine A
      Noise from specific part B

    • AClick here
    • B

      REPAIR OR REPLACE MALFUNCTIONING PARTS

  2. Click here

    READ OUTPUT DTCS (RELATING TO ENGINE)


    1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.

    2. Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the GTS on.

    3. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes.

    4. Read the DTCs.


      1. Powertrain > Engine and ECT > Trouble Codes


      Result
      Result Proceed to
      No DTC is output A
      Engine related DTCs are output B

  3. Click here

    CHECK INJECTOR COMPENSATION CODE

    Note:

    Injector compensation codes are unique, 30-digit, alphanumeric values printed on the head portion of each injector assembly. If an incorrect injector compensation code is input into the ECM, the engine may rattle or engine idling may become rough. In addition, engine failure may occur and the life of the engine may be shortened.


    1. Check the injector compensation code.

      Click here


      1. Powertrain > Engine and ECT > Utility
        Tester Display
        Injector Compensation




      OK
      Compensation codes of the installed injector assemblies are the same as the compensation codes registered in the ECM.
      Result
      Proceed to
      OK
      NG

  4. Click here

    TAKE SNAPSHOT DURING IDLING AND 4000 RPM (AFTER ENGINE WARMED UP)


    1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.

    2. Start the engine and turn the GTS on.

    3. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Data List / Diesel Knocking.

    4. Take a snapshot of the following Data List items.

      Tip:

      • A snapshot can be used to compare vehicle data from the time of the malfunction to normal data and is very useful for troubleshooting. The data in the list below is that of a normal vehicle, but as the data varies between individual vehicles, this data should only be used for reference.

      • Check the Data List at idling and at 4000 rpm with no load after the engine is warmed up.

      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

  5. Click here

    CHECK SNAPSHOT (INJECTION FEEDBACK VAL #1 TO #4 AND INJECTION VOLUME)


    1. Check Injection Feedback Val #1 to #4 and Injection Volume in the snapshot taken when the engine was idling and at 4000 rpm with no load.

      Result
      Result Proceed to

      Injection Feedback Val for at least one cylinder is more than +3 mm3/st

      		 A

      Injection Volume is less than 10 mm3/st at 4000 rpm

      		 B
      Except above C
      Tip:

      • When there is a problem with the operation of an injector assembly due to foreign matter in the inside of the injector assembly, etc., the fuel injection volume decreases. As a result, the ECM gives instructions to increase the fuel injection volume, which causes Injection Feedback Val to increase.

      • The ECM controls the system so that the sum of Injection Feedback Val for all of the cylinders is approximately 0 mm3/st. Even if the value of Injection Feedback Val for a cylinder is less than -3.0 mm3/st (-3.0 mm3/st is the lowest normal value), as long as the value of Injection Feedback Val for each of the other cylinders is 3.0 mm3/st or less, the injector assemblies are not malfunctioning.


  6. Click here

    PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (CHECK THE CYLINDER COMPRESSION)

    Tip:

    Use this Active Test to help determine whether a cylinder has compression loss or not.


    1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.

    2. Start the engine and turn the GTS on.

    3. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Active Test / Check the Cylinder Compression / Data List / Compression / Engine Speed of Cyl #1 to #4.

    4. Check the engine speed during the Active Test.


      1. Powertrain > Engine and ECT > Active Test
        Active Test Display
        Check the Cylinder Compression
        Data List Display
        Engine Speed of Cyl #1
        Engine Speed of Cyl #2
        Engine Speed of Cyl #3
        Engine Speed of Cyl #4








      Result
      Result Proceed to
      Except below A
      The values of Engine Speed Cyl #1 to #4 are within 10 rpm of each other B
      Tip:

      When cranking, if the speed of a cylinder is approximately 100 rpm more than the other cylinders, there is probably a complete loss of compression in that cylinder.


  7. Click here

    CHECK CYLINDER COMPRESSION PRESSURE


    1. Check the cylinder compression pressure.

      Click here

      Tip:

      When compression is low, there may be cracks in the piston or the injector may be installed improperly.

      Result
      Proceed to
      OK
      NG

    • OKClick here
    • NG

      CHECK ENGINE TO DETERMINE CAUSE OF LOW COMPRESSION

  8. Click here

    REPLACE INJECTOR ASSEMBLY OF MALFUNCTIONING CYLINDER


    1. Replace the injector assembly of the malfunctioning cylinder.

      Click here

      Note:

      • When replacing the injector assembly for a cylinder, always be sure to use a new No. 1 injection pipe sub-assembly and a new No. 2 injection pipe sub-assembly.

      • Follow the procedure in the repair manual and temporarily install the No. 1 injection pipe sub-assembly, No. 2 injection pipe sub-assembly and No. 1 nozzle leakage pipe assembly, and then correctly position the injector assemblies. After that, tighten parts according to the torque specifications.

      • If the installation procedure is not performed correctly, injector assemblies may become out of position, which may cause the injector assemblies to deteriorate, resulting in malfunctions.

      • If an injector assembly deteriorates and malfunctions, other problems such as knocking, rough idle, etc. may occur.

      • If an injector assembly becomes out of position, it is possible that the seal between the injector assembly and injection pipe sub-assembly may become incomplete, resulting in a fuel leak.

      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

  9. Click here

    CLEAN FUEL FILTER CASE AND REPLACE FUEL FILTER ELEMENT ASSEMBLY


    1. Clean the fuel filter case and replace the fuel filter element assembly.

      Tip:

      Be sure to clean the inside of the fuel filter case as the injector assemblies may not operate properly if the fuel filter element assembly is installed with foreign matter remaining inside the fuel filter case.

      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

  10. Click here

    REGISTER INJECTOR COMPENSATION CODE AND PERFORM PILOT QUANTITY LEARNING


    1. Register the injector compensation codes.

      Click here


      1. Powertrain > Engine and ECT > Utility
        Tester Display
        Injector Compensation




    2. Perform the fuel injector pilot quantity learning.

      Click here


      1. Powertrain > Engine and ECT > Utility
        Tester Display
        Pilot Quantity Learning




      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

  11. Click here

    BLEED AIR FROM FUEL SYSTEM


    1. Bleed the air from the fuel system.

      Click here

      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

  12. Click here

    CONFIRM WHETHER MALFUNCTION HAS BEEN SUCCESSFULLY REPAIRED


    1. Check whether the knocking has been successfully repaired.

      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

    • NEXT

      END

  13. Click here

    REPLACE INJECTOR ASSEMBLIES OF ALL CYLINDERS


    1. Replace the injector assemblies.

      Click here

      Note:

      • When replacing the injector assembly for a cylinder, always be sure to use a new No. 1 injection pipe sub-assembly and a new No. 2 injection pipe sub-assembly.

      • Follow the procedure in the repair manual and temporarily install the No. 1 injection pipe sub-assembly, No. 2 injection pipe sub-assembly and No. 1 nozzle leakage pipe assembly, and then correctly position the injector assemblies. After that, tighten parts according to the torque specifications.

      • If the installation procedure is not performed correctly, injector assemblies may become out of position, which may cause the injector assemblies to deteriorate, resulting in malfunctions.

      • If an injector assembly deteriorates and malfunctions, other problems such as knocking, rough idle, etc. may occur.

      • If an injector assembly becomes out of position, it is possible that the seal between the injector assembly and injection pipe sub-assembly may become incomplete, resulting in a fuel leak.

      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

  14. Click here

    CHECK SNAPSHOT (COMMON RAIL PRESSURE AND TARGET COMMON RAIL PRESSURE)


    1. Check Common Rail Pressure and Target Common Rail Pressure in the snapshot taken when the engine was warmed up and idling.

      OK
      Common Rail Pressure is within 5000 kPa of Target Common Rail Pressure.
      Result
      Proceed to
      OK
      NG

  15. Click here

    PERFORM PILOT QUANTITY LEARNING (DETAIL)


    1. Perform the pilot quantity learning (detail).

      Click here

      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

  16. Click here

    CHECK ENGINE KNOCKING OR RATTLING


    1. Check engine knocking or rattling.

      Result
      Result Proceed to
      Sound disappears A
      Except above (Sound continues occurring) B

  17. Click here

    CHECK THE TEMPERATURE WHEN KNOCKING OCCURS


    1. Check the temperature when knocking trouble occurs.

      Result
      Result Proceed to
      Knocking occurs only in cold engine A
      Knocking occurs both in cold and warmed up engine B

  18. Click here

    INSPECT GLOW PLUG (RESISTANCE)


    1. Inspect the glow plug.

      Click here

      Result
      Proceed to
      OK
      NG

  19. Click here

    TAKE SNAPSHOT DURING IDLING (WHEN ENGINE COLD)


    1. Make sure that the engine is cold so that the snapshot can be taken under the correct conditions.

    2. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.

    3. Start the engine and turn the GTS on.

    4. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Data List / Diesel Knocking.

    5. Take a snapshot of the following Data List items.

      Tip:

      A snapshot can be used to compare vehicle data from the time of the malfunction to normal data and is very useful for troubleshooting. The data in the list below is that of a normal vehicle, but as the data varies between individual vehicles, this data should only be used for reference.

      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

  20. Click here

    CHECK SNAPSHOT (INJECTION FEEDBACK VAL #1 TO #4)


    1. Check Injection Feedback Val #1 to #4 in the snapshot taken when the engine was idling.

      Result
      Result Proceed to

      Injection Feedback Val for at least one cylinder is more than +3 mm3/st

      		 A
      Except above B
      Tip:

      • When there is a problem with the operation of an injector assembly due to foreign matter in the inside of the injector assembly, etc., the fuel injection volume decreases. As a result, the ECM gives instructions to increase the fuel injection volume, which causes Injection Feedback Val to increase.

      • The ECM controls the system so that the sum of Injection Feedback Val for all of the cylinders is approximately 0 mm3/st. Even if the value of Injection Feedback Val for a cylinder is less than -3.0 mm3/st (-3.0 mm3/st is the lowest normal value), as long as the value of Injection Feedback Val for each of the other cylinders is 3.0 mm3/st or less, the injector assemblies are not malfunctioning.


  21. Click here

    REPLACE FUEL SUPPLY PUMP ASSEMBLY (PRE-STROKE CONTROL VALVE)


    1. Replace the fuel supply pump assembly.

      Click here

      Tip:

      If the common rail pressure becomes too high when transitioning due to problems with pre-stroke control valve operation, knocking noise worsens.

      When the common rail pressure becomes excessively high as a result of a pre-stroke control valve malfunction, knocking sounds worsen.

      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

  22. Click here

    BLEED AIR FROM FUEL SYSTEM


    1. Bleed the air from the fuel system.

      Click here

      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

  23. Click here

    CONFIRM WHETHER MALFUNCTION HAS BEEN SUCCESSFULLY REPAIRED


    1. Check whether the knocking has been successfully repaired by starting the engine.

      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

    • NEXT

      END

  24. Click here

    READ VALUE USING GTS (MAP AND ATMOSPHERE PRESSURE)


    1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.

    2. Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the GTS on.

    3. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Data List / MAP and Atmosphere Pressure.


      1. Powertrain > Engine and ECT > Data List
        Tester Display
        Atmosphere Pressure
        MAP





    4. Compare MAP to Atmosphere Pressure when the ignition switch is ON (do not start the engine).

      Standard
      Difference between MAP and Atmosphere Pressure is less than 8 kPa.
      Tip:

      • If MAP and Atmosphere Pressure have the same value, both are normal. If there is a difference of 8 kPa or more, compare the values to the atmospheric pressure for that day. The sensor whose deviation is the greatest is malfunctioning.

      • Standard atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa. For every 100 m increase in elevation, pressure drops by 1 kPa. This varies by weather.

      Result
      Result Proceed to
      MAP and Atmosphere Pressure have same value A
      MAP is different from actual atmospheric pressure B
      Atmosphere Pressure is different from actual atmospheric pressure C

  25. Click here

    BASIC INSPECTION


    1. Check the fuel quality.

    2. Check the fuel for air.

    3. Check the fuel system for blockages.

    4. Check the air cleaner filter element sub-assembly.

    5. Check the engine oil.

    6. Check the engine coolant.

    7. Check the engine idling speed and maximum engine speed.

    8. Check the vacuum pump.

      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

    • NEXT

      END