ECD SYSTEM White Smoke Emitted

DESCRIPTION


  1. Faults and Symptoms of Common Rail Diesel Components


    1. Engine Control

      Turbocharger System
      Main fault Turbocharger sub-assembly (compressor side seal ring, turbine side seal ring, shaft, oil drain)
      Symptoms

      White smoke

      Excessive oil consumption
      Glow System
      Main fault Glow system malfunction
      Symptoms Difficult to start, rough idle, knocking, white smoke (when cold)
      Data List Check the glow plug indicator light
      Diagnostic Point Measure the resistance of the glow plug assembly
      Engine
      Main fault Loss of compression
      Symptoms Rough idle (constant lack of power)
      Data List

      Engine Speed of Cyl #1 to #4


      • When cranking during the "Check the Cylinder Compression" Active Test, if there is a high speed cylinder (approx. 100 rpm more than the other cylinders) that cylinder may lose compression.

      Injection Feedback Val #1 to #4


      • If Injection Feedback Val #1 to #4 is more than 3 mm3/st, the cylinder may have a fault.

    2. Common Rail (ALL)

      Injector Assembly
      Main fault Blockage
      Symptoms Rough idle, lack of power, black smoke, white smoke, knocking
      Data List

      Injection Feedback Val #1 to #4


      • When an Injector Feedback Val is more than 3 mm3/st, there may be a malfunction in the corresponding cylinder. Injection Feedback Val #1 to #4 can be read after idling for 1 minute with the engine warmed up (engine coolant temperature is higher than 70°C (158°F)).

      Tech Tips

      When the sliding resistance of the internal parts of the injector assemblies (i.e. armature shaft, command piston and plunger) has increased due to internal contamination, injection quantity will increase at high common rail pressure due to a delay in injector assembly closure.

      Injector Driver (EDU)
      Main fault Circuit fault: The injector assembly does not open.
      Symptoms Difficult to start, rough idle, lack of power, black smoke, white smoke, knocking
      Data List Same as injector assembly
      Diagnostic Trouble Code When the injector driver (EDU) has a fault, some DTCs may be stored.
      Poor Quality Fuel
      Main fault -
      Symptoms Difficult to start, rough idle (especially when cold)

    3. Diesel EGR

      EGR System
      Main fault

      • Does not move smoothly

      • Does not close fully
      Symptoms

      • Rough idle

      • EGR valve stuck closed: A loud turbocharger sound.

      • EGR valve stuck open: Difficult to start (does not stall), black smoke, white smoke (when engine is cold), lack of power, jerking (If there is an excess in the quantity of EGR and there is a heavy load, when the vehicle starts moving, a lack of power will be felt. Also, when racing the engine, there will be some black smoke).
      Data List

      Actual EGR Valve Pos., Target EGR Position


      • Generally, Actual EGR Valve Pos. = Target EGR Position +/-5% (fully closed: 0%, fully open: 100%).

      • Using the EGR valve Active Test, check whether Actual EGR Valve Pos. follows Target EGR Position (the engine coolant temperature and intake air temperature should be considered when a malfunction occurs).

      • EGR valve is fully closed when the ignition switch is ON (engine stopped).

      • EGR valve opens to the halfway point at idling after the engine is warmed up.

      • When the EGR valve does not close, mass air flow decreases when the vehicle is accelerated at full throttle. MAP also decreases in comparison to Target Booster Pressure, however there is not a large difference.

      EGR Close Lrn. Val., EGR Close Lrn. Status


      • When leaving the vehicle idling, when EGR Close Lrn. Status is OK, the normal range of EGR Close Lrn. Val. is 0 to 1 V.

      • In cases when EGR Close Lrn. Status. is NG or EGR Close Lrn. Val. is out of the normal range (0 to 1 V), it is possible that the EGR valve cannot completely close.

CAUTION / NOTICE / HINT

Note

After replacing an injector assembly, the ECM requires registration.

Click here


  1. Explanation of Symptom

    White Smoke When the engine is misfiring, any fuel that has been injected but remains unburned is emitted as white smoke.

    Turbocharger sub-assembly internal oil leak

    Click here

    If oil leak occurs from turbine side seal, large amount of white smoke will be emitted from exhaust pipe.

    Internal oil leak is not visible from outside of turbocharger sub-assembly.

PROCEDURE


  1. CONFIRM CONDITIONS PRESENT WHEN WHITE SMOKE APPEARED WITH CUSTOMER


    1. Ask the customer about the conditions when the white smoke was emitted.

      - What were the driving conditions when the white smoke was generated.

      - Is the white smoke constantly emitted, or only occasionally?

      - Does the white smoke occur only when the vehicle is cold, or when the vehicle is both cold and hot?

      - Is the white smoke emitted just after starting the vehicle only, or does it continue while the vehicle is idling?

    2. Determine the symptoms of the problem to narrow down the possible causes.

      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

    NEXT

  2. READ OUTPUT DTC (RELATING TO ENGINE)


    1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.

    2. Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the GTS on.

    3. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes.

    4. Read the pending DTCs.


      Powertrain > Engine > Trouble Codes
      Result
      Result Proceed to
      DTCs are not output A
      Engine related DTCs are output B

    B

    GO TO DTC CHART Click here

    A

  3. CHECK WHEN WHITE SMOKE IS EMITTED


    1. A01CXC0C01
      *a Example

      Start the engine.

    2. Fully depress the accelerator pedal, and then release it.

    3. Check whether white smoke is emitted or not when racing the engine.

      Note

      Be sure not to check for white smoke indoors.

      Tech Tips


      • If the white smoke is emitted only just after engine start and disappears later, the smoke is not from the turbocharger sub-assembly.

      • If the turbocharger sub-assembly is the cause of the problem, regardless of whether the engine is cold or warmed up, there will be a large amount of white smoke to the extent that visibility is obstructed for a few meters in the area of the smoke (as shown in the illustration).

      • Depending on whether there is oil mixed with the fuel, or whether there is unburned fuel present, the smell of the exhaust gas differs. When oil is mixed in, the exhaust gas smells like burning oil.

      • When continuously traveling with the engine close to idle for 1 hour or more, such as when in heavy traffic, unburned fuel accumulates in the catalytic converter, and can produce white smoke when accelerating.

      Result
      Result Proceed to
      White smoke is emitted just after engine start only A
      White smoke is always and continuously emitted B

      There is oil on the exhaust pipe, etc.

      Tech Tips

      The oil on the exhaust pipe may be from the transaxle, etc.

      		 C

      Tech Tips


      • White smoke may be emitted at a specific exhaust gas temperature. Listed are possible symptoms and causes for this case. Please use this information as reference when carrying out malfunction diagnosis.

      • The exhaust gas temperature may be checked using "Exhaust Temperature B1S2, Exhaust Temperature B1S3" in the Data List.

      Symptoms Causes

      White smoke is emitted when the exhaust temperature is below 200°C (392°F) and the vehicle is traveling at low speed or when accelerating after decelerating.


      • Related Data List


        • Exhaust Temperature B1S2

        • Exhaust Temperature B1S3

      When continuously traveling with the engine close to idle for 1 hour or more, such as when in heavy traffic, unburned fuel accumulates in the catalytic converter, and can produce white smoke when accelerating*.

      *: In this case the white smoke is not caused by a defect, so explain to the customer that the white smoke is caused by an accumulation of unburned fuel due to low-speed driving etc., and monitor the situation.

      (If the customer reports that the problem only occurs after continuous driving in heavy traffic/low speed driving, the problem may resolve itself when the catalytic converter temperature is raised through high-speed driving. However, if the catalytic converter activity is reduced, this will not resolve the problem, so the catalytic converter must be replaced. Deterioration of the catalytic converter can cause EGR malfunction and injector malfunction, so if there has not been any repair in the past, check and repair these components as well.)

      White smoke is emitted when accelerating while the exhaust gas temperature is around 200 to 300°C (452 to 572°F) (in the process of rising to 500°C (932°F) for PM forced regeneration).


      • Related Data List


        • DPNR/DPF Status Reju(PM)

        • Exhaust Temperature B1S2

        • Exhaust Temperature B1S3

      • Deterioration of the exhaust gas temperature sensor may be causing the sensor to read lower than the actual temperature, so the amount of fuel added is increased and white smoke is produced. In this case the sensor will need to be replaced.

      • If catalytic converter activity has decreased, more fuel will be added without an increase in exhaust gas temperature, possibly resulting in white smoke.

        In this case the catalytic converter needs to be replaced. Deterioration of the catalytic converter can cause EGR and injector malfunction, so if there has not been any repair in the past, check these components as well and repair if necessary.

    B

    CHECK IDLING CONDITION Click here

    C

    CHECK FOR OIL LEAKAGE Click here

    A

  4. CHECK TEMPERATURE WHEN WHITE SMOKE IS EMITTED


    1. Check whether the white smoke is emitted only when the engine coolant temperature is below 0°C (32°F).

      Tech Tips


      • If so, the smoke is not from the turbocharger sub-assembly and may be the smoke of unburned fuel.

      • If misfiring occurs, unburned fuel is emitted.

      Result
      Result Proceed to
      White smoke is emitted when the engine coolant temperature is below 0°C (32°F) A
      White smoke is emitted regardless of engine coolant temperature B

    B

    GO TO STEP 6 Click here

    A

  5. INSPECT GLOW PLUG ASSEMBLY (RESISTANCE)


    1. Inspect the glow plug assembly.

      Click here

      Result
      Proceed to
      OK
      NG

    NG

    REPLACE GLOW PLUG ASSEMBLY Click here

    OK

  6. READ VALUE USING GTS (FUEL PRESS AND TARGET COMMON RAIL PRESSURE)


    1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.

    2. Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the GTS on.

    3. Start the engine

    4. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Data List / All Data / Fuel Press and Target Common Rail Pressure.


      Powertrain > Engine > Data List
      Tester Display
      Target Common Rail Pressure
      Fuel Press

    5. Take a snapshot with the GTS.

    6. Measure the difference between the target fuel pressure (Target Common Rail Pressure) and the actual fuel pressure (Fuel Press) when racing the engine with the accelerator pedal fully depressed.

      Result
      Result Proceed to
      Fuel Press is within 5000 kPa of Target Common Rail Pressure A
      Except above B

      Tech Tips


      • "Target Common Rail Pressure" is the target fuel pressure controlled by the ECM.

      • "Fuel Press" is the actual fuel pressure.


    B

    CHECK IF FUEL IS BEING SUPPLIED TO SUPPLY PUMP ASSEMBLY Click here

    A

  7. CHECK INJECTOR COMPENSATION CODE


    1. Check the injector compensation codes.

      Click here

      OK
      Compensation codes stored in the ECM match the compensation codes of the installed injector assemblies.
      Result
      Proceed to
      OK
      NG

    NG

    REGISTER INJECTOR COMPENSATION CODE AND PERFORM PILOT QUANTITY LEARNING Click here

    OK

  8. READ VALUE USING GTS (INJECTION FEEDBACK VAL #1 TO #4 AND INJECTION VOLUME)


    1. Check Injection Feedback Val #1 to #4 and Injection Volume in the snapshot taken after the engine is warmed up and idled for 1 minute with the A/C off.

      Tech Tips

      Engine coolant temperature is 70°C (158°F) or higher.

      Result
      Result Proceed to

      Injection Feedback Val #1 to #4 are 3 mm3/st or less and Injection Volume is more than 3 to 10 mm3/st

      		 A
      Other than above B

    B

    PERFORM PILOT QUANTITY LEARNING (DETAIL) Click here

    A

  9. PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (ACTIVATE THE EGR VALVE CLOSE)


    1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.

    2. Start the engine and warm it up, and make sure the A/C switch and all accessory switches are off.

    3. Turn the ignition switch off and wait for 30 seconds.

    4. Start the engine and turn the GTS on.

    5. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Data List / All Data / MAF.


      Powertrain > Engine > Data List
      Tester Display
      MAF

    6. Read the MAF value displayed on the GTS while the engine is idling.

    7. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Active Test / Activate the EGR Valve Close / All Data / MAF.


      Powertrain > Engine > Active Test
      Active Test Display
      Activate the EGR Valve Close
      Data List Display
      MAF

    8. Read the MAF value when the EGR valve is closed using the Active Test function.

      Tech Tips


      • If idling continues for 20 minutes or more, the EGR valve target opening angle becomes 0% (EGR valve fully closed). As this makes diagnosis impossible, it becomes necessary to drive the vehicle or restart the engine.

      • Before performing diagnosis, confirm that the EGR valve target opening angle is not 0%.

      • When "Coolant Temp" is 75°C (167°F) or higher during idle, the exhaust gas flows through the EGR pipe with cooler sub-assembly. If MAF does not change when the EGR is cut even though the EGR valve is operating normally, the EGR pipe with cooler sub-assembly may be clogged.

      • When idling while warming up the engine, the actuator operates and the EGR pipe with cooler sub-assembly is bypassed. However, if the connector of the No. 1 vacuum switching valve assembly (for EGR cooler) is disconnected, the EGR pipe with cooler sub-assembly is not bypassed and it is possible to check if the EGR pipe with cooler sub-assembly is clogged.

      Result
      GTS Display Result Proceed to

      Activate the EGR Valve Close:

      OFF (Open) to Close

      		 MAF value does not change A
      MAF value changes B

      Note

      As the measured values may differ from those shown below due to factors such as differences in measuring environments and changes in vehicle condition due to aging, do not use these values to determine whether the vehicle is malfunctioning or not.

      Tech Tips

      The problem may be a temporary, due to the entry of deposits or foreign matter. Check that there are no deposits or foreign matter in the electric EGR control valve assembly or mass air flow meter assembly.

      Reference
      EGR Valve Condition (Opening) Measuring Condition MAF (Reference)
      Open (67%)

      • Atmosphere pressure: 101 kPa

      • Intake air temperature: 30°C (86°F)

      • Engine coolant temperature: 88°C (190°F)

      		 3 to 12 gm/sec
      Closed (0%) 7 gm/sec or more

    A

    REMOVE DEPOSIT (ELECTRIC EGR CONTROL VALVE ASSEMBLY)

    B

  10. CHECK ENGINE ASSEMBLY


    1. Inspect the engine to see whether white smoke is being emitted due to defects in the engine itself.


      1. Check for oil leaking into the combustion chamber due to a faulty valve stem oil seal.

      2. Check for oil leaking into the combustion chamber due to a faulty injector assembly nozzle sheet.

      3. Check for low compression.

        Tech Tips


        • If the engine runs too rough, Injection Feedback Val #1 to #4 cannot be corrected and the readout will (incorrectly) show that Injection Feedback Val #1 to #4 are within the normal range.

        • If defects are found, perform repairs, and then check that the symptoms are no longer present.

      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

    NEXT

    END

  11. PERFORM PILOT QUANTITY LEARNING (DETAIL)


    1. Perform the pilot quantity learning (detail).

      Click here

      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

    NEXT

  12. CHECK WHEN WHITE SMOKE IS EMITTED


    1. A01CXC0C01
      *a Example

      Start the engine.

    2. Fully depress the accelerator pedal, and then release it.

    3. Check whether white smoke is emitted or not when racing the engine.

      Note

      Be sure not to check for white smoke indoors.

      Result
      Result Proceed to
      White smoke is not emitted A
      White smoke is emitted B

    A

    END

    B

  13. PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (CONTROL THE SELECT CYLINDER FUEL CUT)

    Tech Tips

    Use this Active Test to determine the malfunctioning cylinder.


    1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.

    2. Start the engine and turn the GTS on.

    3. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Active Test / Control the Select Cylinder Fuel Cut / #1 to #4.


      Powertrain > Engine > Active Test
      Tester Display
      Control the Select Cylinder Fuel Cut

    4. Check the 4 cylinders in sequence to identify any faulty cylinders by performing the power-balance inspection.

      Tech Tips

      If the engine idle speed does not change when an injector assembly is disabled, the cylinder being tested is malfunctioning. Record any malfunctioning cylinders.

      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

    NEXT

  14. PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (CHECK THE CYLINDER COMPRESSION)

    Tech Tips

    Use this Active Test to help determine whether a cylinder has compression loss or not.


    1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.

    2. Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the GTS on.

    3. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Active Test / Check the Cylinder Compression / Compression / Engine Speed of Cyl #1 to #4.


      Powertrain > Engine > Active Test
      Active Test Display
      Check the Cylinder Compression
      Data List Display
      Engine Speed of Cyl #1
      Engine Speed of Cyl #2
      Engine Speed of Cyl #3
      Engine Speed of Cyl #4

    4. Crank the engine.

    5. Check the engine speed during the Active Test.

      Result
      Result Proceed to
      The values of Engine Speed Cyl #1 to #4 are within 10 rpm of each other A
      Other than above B

      Tech Tips

      When cranking, if the speed of a cylinder is approximately 100 rpm higher than the other cylinders, there is probably a complete loss of compression in that cylinder.


    A

    GO TO STEP 16 Click here

    B

  15. CHECK CYLINDER COMPRESSION PRESSURE OF MALFUNCTIONING CYLINDER

    Tech Tips

    Measure the compression of the cylinder that had a high speed during the "Control the All Cylinders Fuel Cut" Active Test.


    1. Check cylinder compression pressure.

      Click here

      Result
      Proceed to
      OK
      NG

    NG

    CHECK ENGINE TO DETERMINE CAUSE OF LOW COMPRESSION

    OK

  16. REPLACE INJECTOR ASSEMBLY OF MALFUNCTIONING CYLINDER

    Tech Tips

    It can be determined that the injector assembly is faulty as the corresponding cylinder is malfunctioning, but has no compression loss.


    1. Replace the injector assembly of the malfunctioning cylinder.

      Click here

      Note


      • When replacing the injector assembly for a cylinder, always be sure to use a new injection pipe.

      • Follow the procedure in the repair manual and temporarily install the injection pipes and nozzle leakage pipe, and then correctly position the injector assemblies. After that, tighten parts according to the torque specifications.

      • If the installation procedure is not performed correctly, injector assemblies may become out of position, which may cause the injector assemblies to deteriorate, resulting in malfunctions.

      • If an injector assembly deteriorates and malfunctions, other problems such as knocking, rough idle, etc. may occur.

      • If an injector assembly becomes out of position, it is possible that the seal between the injector assembly and injection pipe may become incomplete, resulting in a fuel leak.

      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

    NEXT

  17. BLEED AIR FROM FUEL SYSTEM


    1. Bleed the air from the fuel system.

      Click here

      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

    NEXT

  18. REGISTER INJECTOR COMPENSATION CODE AND PERFORM PILOT QUANTITY LEARNING


    1. Register the injector compensation codes.

      Click here

    2. Perform the pilot quantity learning.

      Click here

      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

    NEXT

  19. CONFIRM WHETHER MALFUNCTION HAS BEEN SUCCESSFULLY REPAIRED


    1. Check whether the white smoke problem has been successfully repaired by starting the engine.

      Result
      Proceed to
      OK
      NG

    OK

    END

    NG

    CHECK FUEL QUALITY Click here

  20. CHECK IF FUEL IS BEING SUPPLIED TO SUPPLY PUMP ASSEMBLY


    1. Disconnect the inlet hose from the supply pump assembly.

    2. Operate the hand pump and check that fuel is being supplied to the supply pump assembly.

      OK
      Fuel is properly supplied to the supply pump assembly when the hand pump is operated.

      Tech Tips


      • A lack of fuel causes the fuel pressure to drop.

      • Check that the fuel filter element assembly is not clogged.

    3. Reconnect the inlet hose.

      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

    NEXT

  21. REPLACE FUEL FILTER ELEMENT ASSEMBLY


    1. If the fuel filter element assembly is obviously dirty or clogged, replace the fuel filter element assembly.

      Click here

      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

    NEXT

  22. CHECK AND REPLACE CLOGGED FUEL PIPE (INCLUDING FROZEN FUEL) (FUEL TANK - SUPPLY PUMP ASSEMBLY)


    1. Check and replace the clogged fuel pipe.

      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

    NEXT

  23. BLEED AIR FROM FUEL SYSTEM

    Tech Tips

    If the fuel filter element assembly or fuel pipe has been replaced, be sure to remove any air in the system.


    1. Bleed the air from the fuel system.

      Click here

      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

    NEXT

  24. CONFIRM WHETHER MALFUNCTION HAS BEEN SUCCESSFULLY REPAIRED


    1. Check whether the white smoke problem has been successfully repaired by starting the engine.

      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

    NEXT

    END

  25. CHECK FUEL QUALITY


    1. Check that only diesel fuel is being used.

    2. Check that the fuel does not contain any impurities.

      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

    NEXT

    END

  26. CHECK IDLING CONDITION


    1. Start the engine.

    2. Check the idling condition.

      Result
      Result Proceed to
      Engine run smoothly at idle, however white smoke is emitted. A

      There are problems such as rough idling or engine stall, and white smoke is emitted.

      Tech Tips

      If the pressure in the crank case has risen, white smoke will be produced just after the engine is started. In this case, if blow-by gas is ejected when the oil level gauge is slightly removed*, it is possible that the piston is damaged.

      Note

      *Do not completely remove the oil level gauge as oil may spray from the opening.

      		 B

      Tech Tips

      It is possible to determine the faulty cylinder by carrying out the "Check the Cylinder Compression" Active Test.


    A

    GO TO TURBOCHARGER OIL LEAK AND WHITE SMOKE Click here

    B

    REPAIR ENGINE ASSEMBLY

  27. CHECK FOR OIL LEAKAGE


    1. Remove any oil in the exhaust manifold converter sub-assembly.

      Tech Tips

      Oil in the exhaust pipe is producing white smoke.

    2. If there is an oil leak, repair the leak.

      Result
      Proceed to
      NEXT

    NEXT

    END