SFI SYSTEM(w/o Secondary Air Injection System), Diagnostic DTC:P1604

DTC Code	DTC Name
P1604	Startability Malfunction

DESCRIPTION

This DTC is stored when the engine does not start even though the STA signal is input or when the engine takes a long time to start, and when the engine speed is low or the engine stalls just after the engine starts.

Using the GTS, the conditions present when the DTC was stored can be confirmed by referring to the freeze frame data. Freeze frame data records engine conditions when a malfunction occurs. This information can be useful when troubleshooting.

It is necessary to check if the vehicle ran out of fuel before performing troubleshooting, as this DTC is also stored when there is engine starting trouble due to running out of fuel.

DTC No.	DTC Detection Condition	Trouble Area
P1604	Either condition is met: The engine speed is below 500 rpm with the STA signal on for a certain amount of time (refer to the illustration below) (1 trip detection logic). After the engine starts (engine speed is 500 rpm or more), the engine speed drops to 200 rpm or less within approximately 2 seconds (1 trip detection logic).	Immobiliser system Engine assembly (excess friction, compression loss) Starter Crankshaft position sensor Engine coolant temperature sensor Fuel pump Fuel pump control system Fuel pipes Fuel injector Throttle body Pressure regulator Battery Drive plate Spark plug Ignition coil circuit Intake system Camshaft timing oil control valve Mass air flow meter Air fuel ratio sensor Valve timing Fuel Purge VSV Intake valve Exhaust valve ECM

DTC No.

DTC Detection Condition

Trouble Area

P1604

Either condition is met:

The engine speed is below 500 rpm with the STA signal on for a certain amount of time (refer to the illustration below) (1 trip detection logic).
After the engine starts (engine speed is 500 rpm or more), the engine speed drops to 200 rpm or less within approximately 2 seconds (1 trip detection logic).

Immobiliser system
Engine assembly (excess friction, compression loss)
Starter
Crankshaft position sensor
Engine coolant temperature sensor
Fuel pump
Fuel pump control system
Fuel pipes
Fuel injector
Throttle body
Pressure regulator
Battery
Drive plate
Spark plug
Ignition coil circuit
Intake system
Camshaft timing oil control valve
Mass air flow meter
Air fuel ratio sensor
Valve timing
Fuel
Purge VSV
Intake valve
Exhaust valve
ECM

CAUTION / NOTICE / HINT

Tech Tips

In contrast to normal malfunction diagnosis for components, circuits and systems, DTC P1604 is used to determine the malfunctioning area from the problem symptoms and freeze frame data when the user mentions problems such as starting difficulty.

As these DTCs can be stored as a result of certain user actions, even if these DTCs are output, if the customer makes no mention of problems, clear these DTCs without performing any troubleshooting and return the vehicle to the customer.
If any other DTCs are output, perform troubleshooting for those DTCs first.
When the Data List item "Immobiliser Fuel Cut" is ON, the engine cannot be started.
Read freeze frame data using the GTS. Freeze frame data records engine conditions when a malfunction occurs. This information can be useful when troubleshooting.
When confirming the freeze frame data, be sure to check all 5 sets of freeze frame data Click here.
When confirming freeze frame data, if there are multiple items related to the cause of the malfunction, perform troubleshooting for all related items.
Try to start the vehicle under the conditions recorded in the freeze frame data which were present when the malfunction occurred. Confirm the data at this time and compare it with the freeze frame data.
If the malfunction does not reoccur, carefully check the vehicle conditions from when the malfunction occurred using freeze frame data.
When performing inspections, jiggle the relevant wire harnesses and connectors in an attempt to reproduce malfunctions that do not always occur.
If the same inspection or replacement procedure appears 2 times when performing an inspection procedure, it is not necessary to repeat the procedure the second time.

Malfunction Recurrence and Inspection Areas
1. Freeze frame data exists, but the malfunction (starting difficulty) has not reoccurred and the malfunction conditions are unknown.
  1. The engine speed recorded in the freeze frame data is 0 rpm (the engine does not crank).
    
    Tech Tips
    
    One of the following problems may be present: battery depletion, excess engine friction, a starter malfunction or a crankshaft position sensor malfunction.
    
    If the battery voltage is less than 6 V during cranking, there is a high probability that engine friction is abnormal.
    
    If the battery voltage drops to 5 V or less when starting the engine, the battery may be malfunctioning.
    
    If the battery voltage fluctuates while cranking the engine, it can be concluded that cranking is being performed. When the engine speed is 0 rpm, the crankshaft position sensor and/or an ECM may be malfunctioning.
  2. All engine speeds recorded in the freeze frame data are between 100 and 250 rpm (the engine cranks but there is no combustion).
    
    Tech Tips
    
    If the engine speed is between 100 and 250 rpm (no initial combustion), there may be a wiring problem or a complete failure of an ignition or fuel system part.
    
    Due to an engine coolant temperature sensor malfunction, the fuel injection volume is extremely high or low and the engine may not be able to be started.
  3. The engine speed recorded in the freeze frame data is 250 rpm or higher (the initial combustion and starter turnoff timing is too late).
    
    Tech Tips
    
    If the engine speed is 250 rpm or higher (combustion occurs but the initial combustion and starter turnoff timing is too late), the fuel injection volume is often incorrect (too low or too high) and determining the cause of the malfunction is often difficult.
    
    Due to an engine coolant temperature sensor malfunction, the fuel injection volume is extremely high or low and engine starting trouble may occur.
    
    If Long FT is incorrect, there may be a fuel supply problem due to the injectors or fuel pump being clogged, etc.
    
    If the engine cranking speed is too high, compression loss may have occurred due to carbon interfering with the valve operation.
2. When the malfunction (starting difficulty) can be reproduced, or malfunction conditions are known, perform the following inspections ("Problem symptoms" and "Systems to inspect")
  1. Problem symptoms
    1. The engine does not crank.
      
      Tech Tips
      
      The starter is normal if a noise that indicates the starter pinion gear is extending is heard. The battery may be fully depleted or there may be excess engine friction.
    2. The engine cranking speed is abnormal.
      
      Tech Tips
      
      If the engine cranking speed is too high (for example, 300 rpm or higher with no combustion), compression loss may have occurred because carbon interfered with valve operation, etc.
    3. There is no initial combustion.
      
      Tech Tips
      
      If there is no initial combustion, there is probably a wiring problem or an ignition or fuel system part malfunction.
    4. The engine stalls after starter turnoff.
      
      Tech Tips
      
      If the engine stalls after starter turnoff, the air-fuel ratio may be incorrect or the VVT may have a problem returning.
    5. The initial combustion and starter turnoff occur late.
      
      Tech Tips
      
      If the initial combustion and starter turnoff occur late, the fuel injection volume is probably incorrect (too low or too high).
      
      Tech Tips
      
      Causes of fuel system malfunctions according to conditions present at the time of the malfunction.
      
      When 2 to 3 minutes have elapsed after stopping the engine: Fuel pressure loss due to the pressure regulator failing to maintain the fuel pressure.
      
      When 15 to 120 minutes have elapsed after stopping the engine: Problem with injector fuel seal.
      
      When a long time has elapsed after stopping the engine: Pressure regulator is stuck open.
  2. Systems to inspect.
    1. Intake system
    2. Ignition system
    3. Fuel system

INSPECTION FLOW

Freeze frame data exists, but the malfunction (starting difficulty) has not reoccurred and the malfunction conditions are unknown.

Freeze Frame Data Item	Result	Suspected Area	Procedure
Engine Speed	0 rpm (no engine cranking at all)	Battery fully depleted Engine assembly (excess friction) Starter Crankshaft position sensor ECM	4 to 9
	100 to 250 rpm (engine cranks but no initial combustion*1)	Fuel pump control system Ignition system Immobiliser system Engine coolant temperature sensor Fuel injection system	10 to 14
	250 rpm or higher (combustion occurs but initial combustion and starter turnoff*2 occur late)	Engine assembly (compression loss) Fuel injection system Fuel pump control system	15 to 23

Tech Tips

*1: First combustion after cranking begins.
*2: Condition when engine speed increases and starter can be turned off.

When the malfunction (starting difficulty) can be reproduced, or when malfunction conditions are known.

Problem symptoms

Problem Symptom	Suspected Area	Suspected Component	Procedure
The engine does not crank	Battery malfunction	Battery fully depleted	26 to 31
	Starting system	Starter (includes pinion gear wear or tooth damage) Starting system
	Immobiliser system	Immobiliser system
	Engine assembly	Engine assembly (excess friction) Drive plate wear or tooth damage
Cranking speed too low	Battery malfunction	Battery fully depleted	32 to 34
	Starting system	Starter
	Engine assembly	Engine assembly (excess friction)
Cranking speed too high	Engine assembly	Engine assembly (compression loss)
There is no initial combustion	Fuel supply problem	Cannot maintain pressure due to pressure regulator malfunction Fuel injector leak Fuel leak from fuel line Fuel pump control system Fuel pump	35 to 50
There is no initial combustion	Ignition system malfunction	Spark plug Crankshaft position sensor Ignition coil	35 to 50
Engine stalls after starter turnoff	Air suction	Intake system connections	51 to 57
	Deposits in throttle body	Throttle body
	VVT valve does not return properly	Camshaft timing oil control valve assembly
	Mass air flow meter malfunction	Mass air flow meter
The initial combustion and starter turnoff occur late	Engine coolant temperature sensor malfunction	Engine coolant temperature sensor	58 to 71
	Mass air flow meter malfunction	Mass air flow meter
	Abnormal A/F learning value	Air fuel ratio sensor
	Deviation from fuel injection characteristics	Fuel injector
	Wet-fouled or dry-fouled spark plug	Spark plug
	Lack of fuel pressure	Pressure regulator Fuel pump Fuel pump control system

Systems to inspect.

Troubleshooting by System	Suspected Area	Suspected Component	Procedure
Fuel system troubleshooting A	Abnormal A/F learning value	Fuel injector	87 to 94 95 to 102
	Rough idling	Crankshaft position sensor
	Abnormal fuel pressure	Fuel Fuel leak from fuel line Fuel pump Pressure regulator
Fuel system troubleshooting B	Abnormal concentration of HC in surge tank	Purge VSV system Fuel injector	103 to 105
Fuel system troubleshooting C	Injection signal system malfunction	Fuel injector Crankshaft position sensor Camshaft position sensor ECM	73 to 77
Intake system troubleshooting	Difference between ISC target value and opening angle when idling	Engine assembly (compression loss) Valve timing Engine coolant temperature sensor ECM	84 to 86 106 to 108
Ignition system troubleshooting	Camshaft and/or crankshaft position sensor signal malfunction	Crankshaft position sensor system (including sensor installation) Camshaft position sensor system (including sensor installation) ECM	78 to 82 109 to 114

PROCEDURE

CHECK ANY OTHER DTCS OUTPUT AND RECORD FREEZE FRAME DATA

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / DTC.


*a	DTC is stored
*b	0.5 seconds
*c	Freeze frame data recorded point

Read the DTCs and record the Freeze Frame Data.

Tech Tips

This freeze frame data shows the actual engine conditions when engine starting trouble occurred.
When confirming the freeze frame data, be sure to check all 5 data sets of freeze frame data.
The fourth set of freeze frame data is the data recorded when the DTC is stored.

Result
Result	Proceed to
Only DTC P1604 is output	A
DTCs other than P1604 are output	B

GO TO DTC CHART Click here

CHECK ENGINE IMMOBILISER SYSTEM
1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
2. Turn the engine switch on (IG).
3. Turn the GTS on.
4. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Data List / All Data / Immobiliser Fuel Cut.
5. Read the value displayed on the GTS.
  
  OK
  
  Immobiliser Fuel Cut is OFF
  
  Tech Tips
  
  After reconnecting the battery cable, if the engine is started immediately (without waiting 1.8 seconds after turning the engine switch on (IG)), the engine will stop (due to the key verification process). The engine can be started after that.
NG
REPAIR ENGINE IMMOBILISER SYSTEM Click here

OK

OK
Immobiliser Fuel Cut is OFF

CHECK MALFUNCTION CONDITION

Confirm the problem symptoms.

Result
Result	Proceed to
Freeze frame data exists, but the starting difficulty cannot be reproduced and it is unknown what kind of starting difficulty occurred	A
The problem symptoms can be reproduced, or the malfunction conditions are known	B

CONFIRM PROBLEM SYMPTOM Click here

CHECK FREEZE FRAME DATA

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).

Using the GTS, confirm the vehicle conditions recorded in the freeze frame data which were present when the DTC was stored Click here.

Result

Freeze Frame Data Item		Suspected Area	Proceed to
Engine Speed	Battery Voltage	Suspected Area	Proceed to
All 5 sets of freeze frame data are 0 rpm (no engine cranking at all)	Minimum voltage is less than 5 V	Battery fully depleted	A
	Minimum voltage is 5 V or higher	Starter malfunction Crankshaft position sensor system Excess engine friction Immobiliser system ECM	B
60 to 250 rpm (engine cranks but no initial combustion)	-	Fuel pump control system Ignition system Engine coolant temperature sensor Immobiliser system Fuel injection system	C
250 rpm or higher (combustion occurs but initial combustion and starter turnoff occur late)	-	Engine assembly Fuel injection system Fuel pump control system	D

Tech Tips

When DTC P1604 is stored, either "Engine Start Hesitation"*1 or "Low Rev for Eng Start"*2 in the Freeze Frame Data will be ON. If "Low Rev for Eng Start" is ON, proceed to E.

*1: This value turns ON when the engine speed does not reach a certain value for a certain period of time when starting the engine.

*2: This value turns ON when the engine stalls immediately after starting the engine. If "Low Rev for Eng Start" is ON, as there is a possibility that the low engine speed or engine stall was caused by the user, confirm the following freeze frame data items.

Immobiliser Fuel Cut
Engine Speed (Starter Off)
Shift SW Status (R, D Range)

CHARGE OR REPLACE BATTERY

CHECK FREEZE FRAME DATA Click here

CHECK MASS AIR FLOW METER Click here

CHECK FREEZE FRAME DATA

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).

Using the GTS, confirm the vehicle conditions recorded in the freeze frame data which were present when the DTC was stored Click here.

Result

Freeze Frame Data Item	Result	Suspected Area	Proceed to
Battery Voltage	Minimum voltage is 6 V or higher and voltage does not fluctuate*1	Starter system	A
	Minimum voltage is 6 V or higher and voltage fluctuates2, 3	Crankshaft position sensor system ECM	B
	Minimum voltage is 5 to 6 V*4	Excess engine friction Battery fully depleted	C

Tech Tips


*1	Freeze Frame Data
*2	Voltage does not Fluctuate
*3	Voltage Fluctuates

*1: The 5 sets of freeze frame data show approximately the same battery voltage.

*2: The 5 sets of freeze frame data show different battery voltages.
*3: If the voltage fluctuates, it can be determined that cranking is being performed. When the engine speed is 0 rpm, the crankshaft position sensor system and/or the ECM may be malfunctioning.
*4: There may be excess engine friction. Make sure that the crankshaft rotates smoothly when turning it by hand. Excess engine friction may have occurred temporarily. Remove the cylinder head cover and oil pan, and check for foreign matter such as iron fragments. If there is a malfunction or signs of a malfunction present, perform a detailed inspection by disassembling all the parts.

CHECK STARTER SIGNAL CIRCUIT Click here

CHECK AND REPAIR ENGINE OR BATTERY

CHECK SENSOR INSTALLATION

Check the tightening and installation condition of the crankshaft position sensor bolt.

Check the connection of the crankshaft position sensor connector.

Result
Result	Proceed to
Normal	A
Abnormal	B

SECURELY REINSTALL SENSOR Click here

CHECK CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR
1. Disconnect the crankshaft position sensor connector.
2. Check for oil on the connector terminals.
  
  OK
  
  No oil on the terminals.
NG
REPLACE CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR Click here

OK

OK
No oil on the terminals.

CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR - ECM)

Disconnect the crankshaft position sensor connector.
Disconnect the ECM connector.

Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.

Standard Resistance

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
C114-1 (NE+) - C45-110 (NE+)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C114-2 (NE-) - C45-111 (NE-)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C114-3 (VC) - C45-66 (VCV2)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C114-1 (NE+) or C45-110 (NE+) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C114-2 (NE-) or C45-111 (NE-) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C114-3 (VC) or C45-66 (VCV2) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

Tech Tips

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

CHECK CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR
1. Replace the crankshaft position sensor Click here.
2. Check the engine start operation.
  
  OK
  
  Malfunction has been repaired successfully.
OK
END (CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR IS DEFECTIVE)

NG
REPLACE ECM Click here

OK
Malfunction has been repaired successfully.

CHECK FREEZE FRAME DATA

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).

Using the GTS, confirm the vehicle conditions recorded in the freeze frame data which were present when the DTC was stored Click here.

Result

Freeze Frame Data Item			Suspected Area	Proceed to
Coolant Temp, Ambient Temperature, Intake Air	Coolant Temp, Ambient Temperature	Fuel Pump Duty	Suspected Area	Proceed to
Difference between Coolant Temp, Ambient Temperature and Intake Air is 10°C or more*1	Coolant Temp is 125°C or more, or lower than Ambient Temperature by 15°C or more	-	Engine coolant temperature sensor	A
	Other than above	All 5 sets of freeze frame data are except 0%	-	B
	Other than above	At least 1 of the 5 sets of freeze frame data is 0%	Fuel pump control system	C
Difference between Coolant Temp, Ambient Temperature and Intake Air is less than 10°C*2	-	At least 1 of the 5 sets of freeze frame data is 0%	Fuel pump control system	C
	-	All 5 sets of freeze frame data are except 0%	-	B

Tech Tips

*1: A long time had not elapsed after stopping the engine.
*2: A long time had elapsed after stopping the engine.

REPLACE ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR Click here

CHECK FUEL PUMP CONTROL SYSTEM Click here

PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (CONTROL THE FUEL PUMP / SPEED)

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).
Using the GTS, select the [Control the Fuel Pump / Speed] Active Test.

When performing the Active Test, check for an operating sound from the fuel pump.

Standard

Control the Fuel Pump / Speed	Specified Condition
ON	Operating sound heard
OFF	Operating sound not heard

Tech Tips

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.

REPAIR FUEL PUMP CONTROL SYSTEM Click here

CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (FUEL INJECTOR POWER SOURCE)


*1	Front view of wire harness connector: (to Injector)

Disconnect the injector connector.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).

Measure the voltage according to the value(s) in the table below.

Standard Voltage

Cylinder	Tester Connection	Switch Condition	Specified Condition
No. 1	a5-2 - Body ground	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
No. 2	a1-2 - Body ground	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
No. 3	a6-2 - Body ground	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
No. 4	a2-2 - Body ground	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
No. 5	a7-2 - Body ground	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
No. 6	a3-2 - Body ground	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
No. 7	a8-2 - Body ground	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
No. 8	a4-2 - Body ground	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V

Tech Tips

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.

REPAIR FUEL INJECTOR POWER SOURCE CIRCUIT

PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (CONTROL THE FUEL PUMP / SPEED)

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).
Using the GTS, select the [Control the Fuel Pump / Speed] Active Test.

When performing the Active Test, check for fuel leakage from the fuel pipes.

Result
Result	Proceed to
Fuel leakage or signs of fuel leakage are present	A
No fuel leakage or signs of fuel leakage	B

Tech Tips

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
When performing the Active Test, if there is no operating noise from the fuel pump, the fuel pump system may be malfunctioning.
Check if the vehicle ran out of fuel, as engine starting trouble due to running out of fuel is also detected.

REPAIR OR REPLACE FUEL LINE

CHECK FUEL SYSTEM

Check for foreign matter such as iron particles around the fuel pump (fuel pump, fuel pump filter, and inside the fuel tank), and for signs that the fuel pump was stuck.

Result
Result	Proceed to
There is foreign matter or signs that fuel pump was stuck	A
There is no foreign matter and no signs that fuel pump was stuck	B

REPAIR OR REPLACE FUEL SYSTEM

PERFORM SIMULATION TEST Click here

CHECK FREEZE FRAME DATA

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).

Using the GTS, confirm the vehicle conditions recorded in the freeze frame data which were present when the DTC was stored Click here.

Result

Freeze Frame Data Item				Suspected Area	Proceed to
Coolant Temp, Ambient Temperature, Intake Air	Coolant Temp, Ambient Temperature	Long FT	Engine Speed	Suspected Area	Proceed to
Difference between Coolant Temp, Ambient Temperature and Intake Air is 10°C or more	Coolant Temp is 125°C or more, or lower than Ambient Temperature by 15°C or more	-	-	Engine coolant temperature sensor	A
	Other than above	-15% or less, or +15% or more	-	Fuel pump control system Fuel injector	B
		-15 to +15%	Minimum speed is 300 rpm or more*1	Engine assembly	C
		-15 to +15%	Minimum speed is below 300 rpm	Fuel system Intake air system	D
Difference between Coolant Temp, Ambient Temperature and Intake Air is less than 10°C	-	-15% or less, or +15% or more	-	Fuel pump control system Fuel injector	B
		-15 to +15%	Minimum speed is 300 rpm or more*1	Engine assembly	C
		-15 to +15%	Minimum speed is below 300 rpm	Fuel system Intake air system	D

Tech Tips

*1: Compression loss may have occurred in the engine assembly.

REPLACE ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR Click here

CHECK AND REPAIR ENGINE

CHECK FREEZE FRAME DATA Click here

INSPECT FUEL INJECTOR
1. Check that no carbon is stuck to the fuel injector.
  
  OK
  
  No carbon present.
NG
REPLACE FUEL INJECTOR Click here

OK

CHECK FUEL SYSTEM

Check for foreign matter such as iron particles around the fuel pump (fuel pump, fuel pump filter, and inside the fuel tank), and for signs that the fuel pump was stuck.

Result
Result	Proceed to
There is foreign matter or signs that fuel pump was stuck	A
There is no foreign matter and no signs that fuel pump was stuck	B

REPAIR OR REPLACE FUEL SYSTEM

PERFORM SIMULATION TEST Click here

CHECK FREEZE FRAME DATA

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).

Using the GTS, confirm the vehicle conditions recorded in the freeze frame data which were present when the DTC was stored Click here.

Result

Freeze Frame Data Item	Result	Suspected Area	Proceed to
Coolant Temp	Engine coolant temperature is 40°C or less*1	Pressure regulator	A
	Engine coolant temperature is 40 to 90°C*2	Fuel injector	B
	Engine coolant temperature is 90°C or more*3	Pressure regulator	A

Tech Tips

*1: If the engine coolant temperature is 40°C or less (after stopping the engine and the vehicle is not driven for a long period of time), the pressure regulator may be stuck open. Attach a fuel pressure gauge and check the ability to maintain fuel pressure after stopping the engine.

*2: If the engine coolant temperature is 40 to 90°C (15 to 120 minutes have passed after stopping the engine), there may be fuel leaking from a fuel injector.

*3: If the engine coolant temperature is 90°C or more (2 to 5 minutes have passed after stopping the engine), there may be a problem with the pressure regulator failing to maintain the fuel pressure. Attach a fuel pressure gauge and check the ability to maintain fuel pressure after stopping the engine.

CHECK FUEL INJECTOR Click here

CHECK FUEL PRESSURE

Tech Tips

For the fuel pressure inspection, refer to the following procedures Click here.

Attach a fuel pressure gauge and check the fuel pressure after stopping the engine.

Standard
147 kPa (1.5 kgf/cm²) or higher (5 minutes after stopping the engine)

Tech Tips

If the engine cannot be started, read the values after cranking the engine.

Result
Result	Proceed to
Normal	A
Abnormal	B

PERFORM SIMULATION TEST Click here

REPLACE PRESSURE REGULATOR Click here

CHECK FUEL INJECTOR

Clean the inside of the surge tank with compressed air.

After stopping the engine, measure the HC concentration inside the surge tank for 15 minutes.

Result

Result	Proceed to
4000 ppm or higher	A
Less than 4000 ppm	B

Tech Tips

If the concentration is 4000 ppm or higher, a fuel injector may have a sealing problem.

CHECK THROTTLE BODY Click here

CHECK FUEL INJECTOR

Inspect the fuel injectors Click here.

Result

Result	Proceed to
Abnormal	A
Normal	B

REPLACE FUEL INJECTOR Click here

CHECK THROTTLE BODY

Check if carbon is in the air flow passage.

Result

Result	Proceed to
Carbon in passage	A
No carbon present	B

CLEAN OR REPLACE THROTTLE BODY Click here

CHECK INTAKE SYSTEM
1. Check the intake system for vacuum leak Click here.
  
  OK
  
  No leak in intake system.
NG
REPAIR OR REPLACE INTAKE SYSTEM

OK

PERFORM SIMULATION TEST

Check if the engine can be started.

Result

Result	Proceed to
Engine can be started	A
Engine cannot be started	B

END

CONFIRM PROBLEM SYMPTOM

Confirm the problem symptoms.

Tech Tips

The problem symptoms below can be determined by reading the freeze frame data.

Result

Problem Symptom	Suspected Area	Proceed to
The engine does not crank	Battery fully depleted Starter (includes pinion gear wear or teeth damage) Starter system Engine assembly (excess friction) Drive plate wear or teeth damage	A
Abnormal cranking speed	Battery fully depleted Starter Engine assembly (excess friction, compression loss)	B
There is no initial combustion (combustion does not occur even once)*1	Pressure regulator fuel pressure maintenance Fuel injector leak Fuel leak from fuel line Fuel pump control system Fuel pump Spark plug Crankshaft position sensor system Ignition coil system	C
The engine stalls after starter turnoff (engine stalls immediately after the first time the engine speed increases)*2	Intake system connections Throttle body Camshaft timing oil control valve Mass air flow meter system	D
The initial combustion and starter turnoff occur late*3	Engine coolant temperature sensor Mass air flow meter Air fuel ratio sensor Heated oxygen sensor Fuel injector Spark plug Pressure regulator Fuel pump Fuel pump control system	E

Tech Tips

If there is hesitation (cranking speed is slow and combustion occurs before passing TDC) during the initial cranking period, the battery charge may be insufficient or the starter may be malfunctioning.
*1: If there is no initial combustion, a wire harness may be malfunctioning, or the ignition or fuel system may be malfunctioning.
*2: If the engine stalls after starter turnoff, the air-fuel ratio may be incorrect or the camshaft timing oil control valve may have a problem returning.
*3: If the initial combustion and starter turnoff occur late, the fuel injection volume may be incorrect (too low or too high).

PERFORM SIMULATION TEST Click here

CHECK FUEL INJECTOR Click here

CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR - ECM) Click here

INSPECT ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR Click here

PERFORM SIMULATION TEST

When cranking the engine, check for a noise indicating that the starter pinion gear is extending, and check that the starter pinion gear is not spinning freely.

Result

Problem Symptom	Suspected Area	Proceed to
A noise indicating that the starter pinion gear is extending is heard and the starter pinion gear is not spinning freely.*1	Battery Excess engine friction Starter	A
A noise indicating that the starter pinion gear is extending is heard but the starter pinion gear is spinning freely.	Drive plate Starter	B
A noise indicating that the starter pinion gear is extending is not heard	Battery Starter Starter system	C

Tech Tips

*1: The battery may be fully depleted or there may be excess engine friction.

CHECK STARTER Click here

INSPECT BATTERY Click here

INSPECT BATTERY
1. Check the electrolyte quantity.
  
  Standard
  
  Electrolyte quantity is within the specified range.
2. Inspect the specific gravity.
  1. Inspect the specific gravity of each cell.
    
    Standard specific gravity
    
    1.25 to 1.29 (electrolyte is at 20°C (68°F))
    Tech Tips
    
    If the result is not as specified, recharge or replace the battery.
    
    It is not necessary to inspect a maintenance-free battery.
3. Inspect the battery voltage.
  1. Turn the engine switch off and turn on the headlights for 20 to 30 seconds. This will remove the surface charge from the battery.
  2. Measure the battery voltage.
    
    Standard voltage
    
    12.5 to 12.9 V (electrolyte is at 20°C (68°F))
    
    Tech Tips
    
    If the result is not as specified, recharge or replace the battery.
  3. Measure the battery voltage when cranking the engine.
    
    Standard
    
    Approximately 6 V or higher (0°C (32°F) or higher)
    
    Tech Tips
    
    When the battery is depleted, the horn becomes quieter.
NG
CHARGE OR REPLACE BATTERY

OK
CHECK ENGINE ASSEMBLY
1. Check that the crankshaft rotates smoothly when rotating it by hand.
  
  OK
  
  Crankshaft rotates smoothly.
  
  Tech Tips
  
  Excess engine friction may have occurred temporarily. Remove the cylinder head cover and oil pan, and check for foreign matter such as iron fragments. If there is a malfunction or signs of a malfunction present, perform a detailed inspection by disassembling all the parts.
OK
INSPECT STARTER

NG
REPAIR OR REPLACE ENGINE ASSEMBLY
CHECK STARTER
1. Remove the starter Click here.
2. Check for starter pinion gear wear and damage.
  
  Standard
  
  There is no wear or damage.
OK
REPLACE DRIVE PLATE AND RING GEAR Click here

NG
REPLACE STARTER
INSPECT BATTERY
1. Check the electrolyte quantity.
  
  Standard
  
  Electrolyte quantity is within the specified range.
2. Inspect the specific gravity.
  1. Inspect the specific gravity of each cell.
    
    Standard specific gravity
    
    1.25 to 1.29 (electrolyte is at 20°C (68°F))
    Tech Tips
    
    If the result is not as specified, recharge or replace the battery.
    
    It is not necessary to inspect a maintenance-free battery.
3. Inspect the battery voltage.
  1. Turn the engine switch off and turn on the headlights for 20 to 30 seconds. This will remove the surface charge from the battery.
  2. Measure the battery voltage.
    
    Standard voltage
    
    12.5 to 12.9 V (electrolyte is at 20°C (68°F))
    
    Tech Tips
    
    If the result is not as specified, recharge or replace the battery.
  3. Measure the battery voltage when cranking the engine.
    
    Standard
    
    Approximately 6 V or higher (0°C (32°F) or higher)
    
    Tech Tips
    
    When the battery is depleted, the horn becomes quieter.
NG
CHARGE OR REPLACE BATTERY

OK
INSPECT STARTER
1. Inspect the starter Click here.
OK
CHECK STARTER SIGNAL CIRCUIT Click here

NG
REPLACE STARTER

PERFORM SIMULATION TEST

Check the cranking speed.

Result

Problem Symptom	Suspected Area	Proceed to
Cranking speed is slow (100 rpm or less)	Battery Starter Excess engine friction	A
Cranking speed is fast (300 rpm or more)*1	Engine compression loss	B

Tech Tips

*1: If the cranking speed is fast, there may be compression loss.

CHECK AND REPAIR ENGINE

INSPECT BATTERY
1. Check the electrolyte quantity.
  
  Standard
  
  Electrolyte quantity is within the specified range.
2. Inspect the specific gravity.
  1. Inspect the specific gravity of each cell.
    
    Standard specific gravity
    
    1.25 to 1.29 (electrolyte is at 20°C (68°F))
    Tech Tips
    
    If the result is not as specified, recharge or replace the battery.
    
    It is not necessary to inspect a maintenance-free battery.
3. Inspect the battery voltage.
  1. Turn the engine switch off and turn on the headlights for 20 to 30 seconds. This will remove the surface charge from the battery.
  2. Measure the battery voltage.
    
    Standard voltage
    
    12.5 to 12.9 V (electrolyte is at 20°C (68°F))
    
    Tech Tips
    
    If the result is not as specified, recharge or replace the battery.
  3. Measure the battery voltage when cranking the engine.
    
    Standard
    
    Approximately 6 V or higher (0°C (32°F) or higher)
    
    Tech Tips
    
    When the battery is depleted, the horn becomes quieter.
NG
CHARGE OR REPLACE BATTERY

OK
CHECK ENGINE
1. Check that the crankshaft rotates smoothly when rotating it by hand.
  
  OK
  
  Crankshaft rotates smoothly.
  
  Tech Tips
  
  Excess engine friction may have occurred temporarily. Remove the cylinder head cover and oil pan, and check for foreign matter such as iron fragments. If there is a malfunction or signs of a malfunction present, perform a detailed inspection by disassembling all the parts.
OK
INSPECT STARTER

NG
REPAIR OR REPLACE ENGINE
CHECK FUEL INJECTOR
1. Using a sound scope or screwdriver, check for an injector operating noise while cranking the engine.
  
  OK
  
  Fuel injector operating noise is heard.
NG
READ VALUE USING GTS (ENGINE SPEED) Click here

OK
CHECK FUEL PRESSURE
1. Inspect the fuel pressure Click here.
NG
PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (CONTROL THE FUEL PUMP / SPEED) Click here

OK
CHECK SPARK PLUG AND SPARK
1. Check for sparks Click here.
NG
CHECK SPARK PLUG Click here

OK

CONFIRM VEHICLE CONDITION

Confirm the conditions present when the malfunction occurred based on the customer problem analysis.

Result

Problem Symptom	Suspected Area	Proceed to
When the engine is stopped and a long time has passed, engine starting trouble occurs*1	Pressure regulator is stuck open	A
When the engine is stopped and approximately 15 to 120 minutes have passed, engine starting trouble occurs*2	Fuel injector leak	B
When the engine is stopped and approximately 2 to 3 minutes have passed, engine starting trouble occurs*3	Failure to maintain fuel pressure by pressure regulator	A
Condition other than above, or there is an inconsistency in the conditions present when engine starting trouble occurs	-	C*4

Tech Tips

*1: The pressure regulator may be stuck open. Attach a fuel pressure gauge and check the ability to maintain fuel pressure after stopping the engine.

*2: Fuel may be leaking from a fuel injector.

*3: The pressure regulator may not be able to maintain the fuel pressure. Attach a fuel pressure gauge and check the ability to maintain fuel pressure after stopping the engine.

*4: From step 72, perform fuel system troubleshooting C (steps 73 to 77).

CHECK FUEL INJECTOR Click here

CHECK MALFUNCTION CONDITION Click here

CHECK FUEL PRESSURE

Tech Tips

For the fuel pressure inspection, refer to the following procedures Click here.

Attach a fuel pressure gauge and check the fuel pressure after stopping the engine.

Result

Result	Proceed to
147 kPa (1.5 kgf/cm2) or higher (5 minutes after stopping the engine)	A*1
Less than 147 kPa (1.5 kgf/cm2) (5 minutes after stopping the engine)	B

Tech Tips

If the engine cannot be started, check the fuel pressure after cranking the engine.
*1: From step 72, perform fuel system troubleshooting C (steps 73 to 77).

CHECK MALFUNCTION CONDITION Click here

REPLACE PRESSURE REGULATOR Click here

CHECK FUEL INJECTOR

After stopping the engine, measure the HC concentration inside the surge tank for 15 minutes.

Result

Result	Proceed to
4000 ppm or higher	A
Less than 4000 ppm	B*1

Tech Tips

If the concentration is 4000 ppm or higher, a fuel injector may have a sealing problem.
*1: From step 72, perform fuel system troubleshooting C (steps 73 to 77).

REPLACE FUEL INJECTOR Click here

CHECK MALFUNCTION CONDITION Click here

CHECK SPARK PLUG
1. Inspect the spark plugs Click here.
  
  Tech Tips
  
  Even if the spark plug of only one cylinder is malfunctioning, replace the spark plugs of all cylinders.
NG
REPLACE SPARK PLUG Click here

OK
READ VALUE USING GTS (ENGINE SPEED)
1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
2. Turn the engine switch on (IG).
3. Using the GTS, select [Engine Speed] of the Data List.
4. Start the engine.
5. While running the engine, read the [Engine Speed] value.
  
  Standard
  
  A value that matches the actual engine speed is constantly output.
  Tech Tips
  - Check the engine speed using a line graph.
  - If the engine cannot be started, check the engine speed while cranking the engine.
  - If the engine speed is 0 rpm, the crankshaft position sensor may have an open or short circuit.
NG
CHECK CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR CIRCUIT Click here

OK

CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (IGNITION COIL POWER SOURCE)


*1	Front view of wire harness connector: (to Ignition Coil with Igniter)

Disconnect the ignition coil with igniter connector.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).

Measure the voltage according to the value(s) in the table below.

Standard Voltage

Tester Connection	Switch Condition	Specified Condition
C4-1 (+B) - C4-4 (GND)	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
C15-1 (+B) - C15-4 (GND)	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
C6-1 (+B) - C6-4 (GND)	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
C13-1 (+B) - C13-4 (GND)	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
C8-1 (+B) - C8-4 (GND)	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
C11-1 (+B) - C11-4 (GND)	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
C51-1 (+B) - C51-4 (GND)	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
C53-1 (+B) - C53-4 (GND)	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V

Tech Tips

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.

CHECK POWER SOURCE CIRCUIT Click here

CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (IGNITION COIL - ECM)

Disconnect the ignition coil with igniter connector.
Disconnect the ECM connector.

Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.

Standard Resistance

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
C4-2 (IGF1) - C45-104 (IGF1)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C15-2 (IGF2) - C45-105 (IGF2)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C6-2 (IGF2) - C45-105 (IGF2)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C13-2 (IGF1) - C45-104 (IGF1)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C8-2 (IGF2) - C45-105 (IGF2)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C11-2 (IGF1) - C45-104 (IGF1)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C51-2 (IGF1) - C45-104 (IGF1)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C53-2 (IGF2) - C45-105 (IGF2)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C4-2 (IGF1) or C45-104 (IGF1) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C15-2 (IGF2) or C45-105 (IGF2) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C6-2 (IGF2) or C45-105 (IGF2) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C13-2 (IGF1) or C45-104 (IGF1) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C8-2 (IGF2) or C45-105 (IGF2) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C11-2 (IGF1) or C45-104 (IGF1) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C51-2 (IGF1) or C45-104 (IGF1) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C53-2 (IGF2) or C45-105 (IGF2) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

Tech Tips

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (IGNITION COIL - ECM)

Disconnect the ignition coil with igniter connector.
Disconnect the ECM connector.

Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.

Standard Resistance

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
C4-3 (IGT1) - C45-40 (IGT1)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C15-3 (IGT2) - C45-33 (IGT2)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C6-3 (IGT3) - C45-37 (IGT3)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C13-3 (IGT4) - C45-34 (IGT4)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C8-3 (IGT5) - C45-35 (IGT5)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C11-3 (IGT6) - C45-36 (IGT6)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C51-3 (IGT7) - C45-38 (IGT7)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C53-3 (IGT8) - C45-39 (IGT8)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C4-3 (IGT1) or C45-40 (IGT1) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C15-3 (IGT2) or C45-33 (IGT2) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C6-3 (IGT3) or C45-37 (IGT3) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C13-3 (IGT4) or C45-34 (IGT4) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C8-3 (IGT5) or C45-35 (IGT5) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C11-3 (IGT6) or C45-36 (IGT6) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C51-3 (IGT7) or C45-38 (IGT7) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C53-3 (IGT8) or C45-39 (IGT8) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

Tech Tips

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.
If the wire harness is normal, after replacing the ignition coil, check if engine starting trouble occurs again. If engine starting trouble occurs again, proceed to step 72 and perform troubleshooting for the ignition system (steps 78 to 83).

REPLACE IGNITION COIL Click here

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (CONTROL THE FUEL PUMP / SPEED)

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).
Using the GTS, select the [Control the Fuel Pump / Speed] Active Test.

When performing the Active Test, check for an operating sound from the fuel pump.

Standard

Control the Fuel Pump / Speed	Specified Condition
ON	Operating sound heard
OFF	Operating sound not heard

Tech Tips

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.

CHECK FUEL PUMP CONTROL SYSTEM Click here

PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (CONTROL THE FUEL PUMP / SPEED)

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).
Using the GTS, select the [Control the Fuel Pump / Speed] Active Test.

When performing the Active Test, check for fuel leakage from the fuel pipes.

Result
Result	Proceed to
Fuel leakage or signs of fuel leakage are present	A
No fuel leakage or signs of fuel leakage	B

Tech Tips

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Check if the vehicle ran out of fuel, as engine starting trouble due to running out of fuel is also detected.
If there are no fuel leaks, after inspecting the fuel pump control system, check if engine starting trouble occurs again. If engine starting trouble occurs again, proceed to step 72 and perform fuel system troubleshooting (steps 73 to 77).

REPAIR OR REPLACE FUEL LINE

CHECK FUEL PUMP CONTROL SYSTEM Click here

READ VALUE USING GTS (ENGINE SPEED)
1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
2. Turn the engine switch on (IG).
3. Using the GTS, select [Engine Speed] of the Data List.
4. Start the engine.
5. While running the engine, read the [Engine Speed] value.
  
  Standard
  
  A value that matches the actual engine speed is constantly output.
  Tech Tips
  - Check the engine speed using a line graph.
  - If the engine cannot be started, check the engine speed while cranking the engine.
  - If the engine speed is 0 rpm, the crankshaft position sensor may have an open or short circuit.
NG
REPLACE CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR Click here

OK

CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (FUEL INJECTOR POWER SOURCE)


*1	Front view of wire harness connector: (to Injector)

Disconnect the injector connector.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).

Measure the voltage according to the value(s) in the table below.

Standard Voltage

Cylinder	Tester Connection	Switch Condition	Specified Condition
No. 1	a5-2 - Body ground	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
No. 2	a1-2 - Body ground	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
No. 3	a6-2 - Body ground	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
No. 4	a2-2 - Body ground	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
No. 5	a7-2 - Body ground	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
No. 6	a3-2 - Body ground	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
No. 7	a8-2 - Body ground	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
No. 8	a4-2 - Body ground	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V

Tech Tips

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.

REPAIR POWER SOURCE CIRCUIT Click here

CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (FUEL INJECTOR - ECM)

Disconnect the injector connector.
Disconnect the ECM connector.

Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.

Standard Resistance

Cylinder	Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
No. 1	a5-1 - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
No. 1	a5-1 - C45-86 (#10)	Always	Below 1 Ω
No. 2	a1-1 - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
No. 2	a1-1 - C45-109 (#20)	Always	Below 1 Ω
No. 3	a6-1 - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
No. 3	a6-1 - C45-85 (#30)	Always	Below 1 Ω
No. 4	a2-1 - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
No. 4	a2-1 - C45-108 (#40)	Always	Below 1 Ω
No. 5	a7-1 - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
No. 5	a7-1 - C45-84 (#50)	Always	Below 1 Ω
No. 6	a3-1 - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
No. 6	a3-1 - C45-107 (#60)	Always	Below 1 Ω
No. 7	a8-1 - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
No. 7	a8-1 - C45-83 (#70)	Always	Below 1 Ω
No. 8	a4-1 - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
No. 8	a4-1 - C45-106 (#80)	Always	Below 1 Ω

Tech Tips

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.

REPLACE ECM Click here

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

CHECK MASS AIR FLOW METER
1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
2. Start the engine and warm it up until the engine coolant temperature reaches 75°C (167°F) or higher.
  
  Tech Tips
  
  The A/C switch and all accessory switches should be off, and the shift lever should be in N or P.
3. Turn the GTS on.
4. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Data List / MAF.
5. Check MAF in the Data List during idling.
  
  Standard
  
  3.4 to 6.2 gm/s.
NG
CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (MASS AIR FLOW METER - ECM) Click here

OK
CHECK INTAKE SYSTEM
1. Check for air leakage in the intake system [vacuum hose disconnection, cracks, damaged gaskets, etc.] Click here.
  Tech Tips
  - If the accelerator pedal is released after racing the engine, the inspection is easier to perform because the vacuum inside the intake manifold increases and the air suction noise becomes louder.
  - If Short FT and Long FT are largely different from the normal values (differ by more than 15%) when idling (intake air volume is small) and almost the same as the normal values when racing the engine (for example, when maintaining a speed of 3000 rpm) (intake air volume is high), air leakage may be present.
  Standard
  
  There is no air leakage.
NG
REPAIR OR REPLACE INTAKE SYSTEM

OK

CHECK THROTTLE BODY

Disconnect the throttle body connector.

Tech Tips

When the connector is disconnected, the vehicle enters fail-safe mode and the throttle valve opening angle is 4 to 7°.

Crank the engine and check that it starts.

Result

Result	Proceed to
Engine starts	A
Engine does not start	B

Connect the throttle body connector.

Tech Tips

When this inspection is performed, the MIL may illuminate. After finishing the inspection, check and clear DTCs Click here.

PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (CONTROL THE VVT SYSTEM) Click here

CHECK THROTTLE BODY
1. Check if carbon is in the air flow passage.
  
  Standard
  
  No carbon present.
NG
REMOVE FOREIGN OBJECT AND CLEAN THROTTLE BODY

OK

PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (CONTROL THE VVT SYSTEM)

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the GTS on.
Warm up the engine.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Active Test / Control the VVT System (Bank 1) or Control the VVT System (Bank 2).

Tech Tips

When performing the Active Test, make sure the A/C is on and the shift lever is in P or N.

Check the engine speed while operating the Oil Control Valve (OCV) using the GTS.

Tester Operation	Specified Condition
OFF	Normal engine speed
ON	Soon after OCV switched from OFF to ON, engine idles roughly or stalls

Result
Result	Proceed to
NG	A
OK	B

Tech Tips

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
When the results of the inspection using the Active Test are normal but the valve operating noise is abnormal, check the valve for any signs of problems.

REPLACE CAMSHAFT OIL CONTROL VALVE (for Intake Side) Click here

PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (CONTROL THE VVT EXHAUST LINEAR)

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the GTS on.
Warm up the engine.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Active Test / Control the VVT Exhaust Linear (Bank1) or Control the VVT Exhaust Linear (Bank2).

Tech Tips

When performing the Active Test, make sure the A/C is on and the shift lever is in P or N.

Check the engine speed while operating the Oil Control Valve (OCV) using the GTS.

OK*1

Tester Operation	Specified Condition
0%	Normal engine speed
100%	Engine idles roughly or stalls

Tech Tips

*1: From step 72, perform intake system troubleshooting (steps 84 to 86). If engine starting trouble still occurs, perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 87 to 94).
Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
When the results of the inspection using the Active Test are normal but the valve operating noise is abnormal, check the valve for any signs of problems.

CHECK MALFUNCTION CONDITION Click here

REPLACE CAMSHAFT OIL CONTROL VALVE (for Exhaust Side) Click here

CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (MASS AIR FLOW METER - ECM)

Disconnect the MAF meter connector.
Disconnect the ECM connector.

Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.

Standard Resistance

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
C50-3 (VG) - C45-74 (VG)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C50-2 (E2G) - C45-75 (E2G)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C50-3 (VG) or C45-74 (VG) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

Tech Tips

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.
If the wire harness is normal, after replacing the mass air flow meter, check if engine starting trouble occurs again. If engine starting trouble occurs again, proceed to step 72 and perform intake system troubleshooting (steps 84 to 86). If engine starting trouble still occurs, perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 87 to 94).

REPLACE MASS AIR FLOW METER Click here

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

INSPECT ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR
1. Inspect the engine coolant temperature sensor Click here.
  
  Tech Tips
  
  If the engine coolant temperature sensor is malfunctioning, after replacing it, check if engine starting trouble occurs again. If engine starting trouble occurs, replace the ECM. If engine starting trouble still occurs, proceed to step 72 and perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 95 to 102), fuel system troubleshooting B (steps 103 to 105), intake system troubleshooting (steps 106 to 108), and ignition system troubleshooting (steps 109 to 114), in that order.
NG
REPLACE ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR Click here

OK

CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR - ECM)

Disconnect the ECT sensor connector.
Disconnect the ECM connector.

Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.

Standard Resistance

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
C18-2 - C45-76 (THW)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C18-1 - C45-97 (ETHW)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C18-2 or C45-76 (THW) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C18-1 or C45-97 (ETHW) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

Tech Tips

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.
If the wire harness or connector is malfunctioning, after replacing or repairing it, check if engine starting trouble occurs again. If engine starting trouble occurs, replace the ECM. If engine starting trouble still occurs, proceed to step 72 and perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 95 to 102), fuel system troubleshooting B (steps 103 to 105), intake system troubleshooting (steps 106 to 108), and ignition system troubleshooting (steps 109 to 114), in that order.

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

CHECK MASS AIR FLOW METER
1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
2. Start the engine and warm it up until the engine coolant temperature reaches 75°C (167°F) or higher.
  
  Tech Tips
  
  The A/C switch and all accessory switches should be off, and the shift lever should be in N or P.
3. Turn the GTS on.
4. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Data List / MAF.
5. Check MAF in the Data List during idling.
  
  Standard
  
  3.4 to 6.2 gm/s.
  
  Tech Tips
  
  If the mass air flow meter is malfunctioning, after replacing it, check if engine starting trouble occurs again. If engine starting trouble occurs, replace the ECM. If engine starting trouble still occurs, proceed to step 72 and perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 95 to 102), fuel system troubleshooting B (steps 103 to 105), intake system troubleshooting (steps 106 to 108), and ignition system troubleshooting (steps 109 to 114), in that order.
NG
REPLACE MASS AIR FLOW METER Click here

OK

CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (MASS AIR FLOW METER - ECM)

Disconnect the MAF meter connector.
Disconnect the ECM connector.

Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.

Standard Resistance

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
C50-3 (VG) - C45-74 (VG)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C50-2 (E2G) - C45-75 (E2G)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C50-3 (VG) or C45-74 (VG) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

Tech Tips

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.
If the wire harness or connector is malfunctioning, after replacing or repairing it, check if engine starting trouble occurs again. If engine starting trouble occurs, replace the ECM. If engine starting trouble still occurs, proceed to step 72 and perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 95 to 102), fuel system troubleshooting B (steps 103 to 105), intake system troubleshooting (steps 106 to 108), and ignition system troubleshooting (steps 109 to 114), in that order.

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

READ VALUE USING GTS

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).

Using the GTS, select and read [Long FT] and [Atmosphere Pressure] in the Data List.

Result

Data List Item	Result	Suspected Area	Proceed to
Long FT	+15% or more or less than -15%	Air fuel ratio sensor Heated oxygen sensor Mass air flow meter Fuel injector ECM	A
Atmosphere Pressure	80 kPa or less (when altitude is 0 m)		A
Both Data List items listed above	Values are other than above	-	B

CHECK FUEL PRESSURE Click here

PERFORM SIMULATION TEST

Remove the EFI NO. 1 and ETCS fuses from the engine room relay block.
After 60 seconds or more elapse, install the EFI NO. 1 and ETCS fuses.

Check if the engine can be started.

Result
Result	Proceed to
Engine can be started	A
Engine cannot be started	B

CHECK FUEL PRESSURE Click here

INSPECT AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Start the engine.
Turn the GTS on.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Data List / Fuel System Status #1 and Fuel System Status #2.
Confirm that Fuel System Status #1 and Fuel System Status #2 are both CL.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Data List / AF Lambda B1S1 and AF Lambda B2S1.
Confirm that AF Lambda B1S1 and AF Lambda B2S1 are both within the range of 0.95 to 1.05 when idling.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Active Test / Control the Injection Volume for A/F sensor.

Read the output voltage from the air fuel ratio sensor when increasing and decreasing the fuel injection volume.

Standard

Tester Display

Injection Volume

Specified Condition

AFS Voltage B1S1

AFS Voltage B2S1

+12.5%

Air fuel ratio sensor output voltage is below 3.1 V

-12.5%

Air fuel ratio sensor output voltage is higher than 3.4 V

Result
Result	Proceed to
Normal	A
Abnormal	B

Tech Tips

The air fuel ratio sensor has an output delay of a few seconds and the heated oxygen sensor has a maximum output delay of approximately 20 seconds.
If the air fuel ratio sensor is malfunctioning, after replacing it, check if engine starting trouble occurs again. If engine starting trouble occurs, replace the ECM. If engine starting trouble still occurs, proceed to step 72 and perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 95 to 102), fuel system troubleshooting B (steps 103 to 105), intake system troubleshooting (steps 106 to 108), and ignition system troubleshooting (steps 109 to 114), in that order.

REPLACE AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR Click here

PERFORM SIMULATION TEST
1. Check if the idling speed is stable after starting the engine.
  
  OK
  
  Speed is stable.
  
  Tech Tips
  
  After replacing the fuel injector or mass air flow meter, check if engine starting trouble occurs again. If engine starting trouble occurs, replace the ECM. If engine starting trouble still occurs, proceed to step 72 and perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 95 to 102), fuel system troubleshooting B (steps 103 to 105), intake system troubleshooting (steps 106 to 108), and ignition system troubleshooting (steps 109 to 114), in that order.
OK
REPLACE MASS AIR FLOW METER Click here

NG
REPLACE FUEL INJECTOR Click here
CHECK FUEL PRESSURE
1. Inspect the fuel pressure Click here.
NG
PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (CONTROL THE FUEL PUMP / SPEED) Click here

OK

CHECK SPARK PLUG

Inspect the spark plugs Click here.

Result
Result	Proceed to
All cylinders are normal	A
One cylinder is abnormal*1	B
All cylinders are abnormal2, 3	C

Tech Tips

*1: If one cylinder is abnormal, replace the spark plug of that cylinder and inspect the ignition and fuel system for that cylinder. After performing repairs, check if engine starting trouble occurs again. If engine starting trouble still occurs, proceed to step 72 and perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 95 to 102), fuel system troubleshooting B (steps 103 to 105), intake system troubleshooting (steps 106 to 108), and ignition system troubleshooting (steps 109 to 114), in that order.
*2: If all cylinders are abnormal, replace the spark plugs of all cylinders and check if engine starting trouble occurs again. If engine starting trouble still occurs, proceed to step 72 and perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 95 to 102), fuel system troubleshooting B (steps 103 to 105), intake system troubleshooting (steps 106 to 108), and ignition system troubleshooting (steps 109 to 114), in that order.
*3: Engine starting trouble may occur if the vehicle is driven extremely short distances repeatedly.

REPLACE SPARK PLUG (ABNORMAL CYLINDER) Click here

REPLACE SPARK PLUG (ALL CYLINDER) Click here

CONFIRM VEHICLE CONDITION

Confirm the conditions present when the malfunction occurred based on the customer problem analysis.

Result

Problem Symptom	Suspected Area	Proceed to
When the engine is stopped and a long time has passed, engine starting trouble occurs*1	Pressure regulator is stuck open	A
When the engine is stopped and approximately 15 to 120 minutes have passed, engine starting trouble occurs*2	Fuel injector leak	B
When the engine is stopped and approximately 2 to 3 minutes have passed, engine starting trouble occurs*3	Failure to maintain fuel pressure by pressure regulator	A
Condition other than above, or there is an inconsistency in the conditions present when engine starting trouble occurs	-	C*4

Tech Tips

*1: The pressure regulator may be stuck open. Attach a fuel pressure gauge and check the ability to maintain fuel pressure after stopping the engine.

*2: Fuel may be leaking from a fuel injector.

*3: The pressure regulator may not be able to maintain the fuel pressure. Attach a fuel pressure gauge and check the ability to maintain fuel pressure after stopping the engine.

*4: From step 72, perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 95 to 102), fuel system troubleshooting B (steps 103 to 105), intake system troubleshooting (steps 106 to 108), and ignition system troubleshooting (steps 109 to 114), in that order.

CHECK FUEL INJECTOR Click here

CHECK MALFUNCTION CONDITION Click here

CHECK FUEL PRESSURE

Tech Tips

For the fuel pressure inspection, refer to the following procedures Click here.

Attach a fuel pressure gauge and check the fuel pressure after stopping the engine.

Result

Result	Proceed to
147 kPa (1.5 kgf/cm2) or higher (5 minutes after stopping the engine)	A*1
Less than 147 kPa (1.5 kgf/cm2) (5 minutes after stopping the engine)	B

Tech Tips

If the engine cannot be started, check the fuel pressure after cranking the engine.
*1: From step 72, perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 95 to 102), fuel system troubleshooting B (steps 103 to 105), intake system troubleshooting (steps 106 to 108), and ignition system troubleshooting (steps 109 to 114), in that order.

CHECK MALFUNCTION CONDITION Click here

REPLACE PRESSURE REGULATOR Click here

CHECK FUEL INJECTOR

Clean the inside of the surge tank with compressed air.

After stopping the engine, measure the HC concentration inside the surge tank for 15 minutes.

Result

Result	Proceed to
4000 ppm or higher	A
Less than 4000 ppm	B*1

Tech Tips

If the concentration is 4000 ppm or higher, a fuel injector may have a sealing problem.
*1: From step 72, perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 95 to 102), fuel system troubleshooting B (steps 103 to 105), intake system troubleshooting (steps 106 to 108), and ignition system troubleshooting (steps 109 to 114), in that order.

REPLACE FUEL INJECTOR Click here

CHECK MALFUNCTION CONDITION Click here

PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (CONTROL THE FUEL PUMP / SPEED)

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).
Using the GTS, select the [Control the Fuel Pump / Speed] Active Test.

When performing the Active Test, check for fuel leakage from the fuel pipes.

Result
Result	Proceed to
Fuel leakage or signs of fuel leakage are present	A
No fuel leakage or signs of fuel leakage	B

Tech Tips

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Check if the vehicle ran out of fuel, as engine starting trouble due to running out of fuel is also detected.
If there are no fuel leaks, after inspecting the fuel pump control system, check if engine starting trouble occurs again. If engine starting trouble still occurs, proceed to step 72 and perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 95 to 102), fuel system troubleshooting B (steps 103 to 105), intake system troubleshooting (steps 106 to 108), and ignition system troubleshooting (steps 109 to 114), in that order.

REPAIR OR REPLACE FUEL LINE

CHECK FUEL PUMP CONTROL SYSTEM Click here

CHECK MALFUNCTION CONDITION

If the malfunction could not be identified during the inspection in steps 38, 39, 40 and 47, perform fuel system troubleshooting C (steps 73 to 77).

Result

Performed Step	Troubleshooting by System	Procedure	Proceed to
Steps 38, 39, 40 and 47	Fuel system troubleshooting C	73 to 77	A

If the malfunction could not be identified during the inspection in step 45, perform ignition system troubleshooting (steps 78 to 83).

Result

Performed Step	Troubleshooting by System	Procedure	Proceed to
Step 45	Ignition system troubleshooting	78 to 83	B

If the malfunction could not be identified during the inspection in steps 53, 54, 55, 56 and 57 perform intake air system troubleshooting (steps 84 to 86). If engine starting trouble still occurs, perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 87 to 94).

Result

Performed Step	Troubleshooting by System	Procedure	Proceed to
Step 53, 54, 55, 56 and 57	Intake air system troubleshooting	84 to 86	C
Step 53, 54, 55, 56 and 57	Fuel system troubleshooting A	87 to 94	C

If the malfunction could not be identified during the inspection in steps 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 66, 67, 69, 70, and 71 perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 95 to 102), fuel system troubleshooting B (steps 103 to 105), intake air system troubleshooting (steps 106 to 108), and ignition system troubleshooting (steps 109 to 114), in that order.

Result

Performed Step	Troubleshooting by System	Procedure	Proceed to
Steps 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 66, 67, 69, 70 and 71	Fuel system troubleshooting A	95 to 102	D
	Fuel system troubleshooting B	103 to 105
	Intake air system troubleshooting	106 to 108
	Ignition system troubleshooting	109 to 114

CHECK CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR Click here

READ VALUE USING GTS (ISC LEARNING VALUE) Click here

CHECK FUEL PRESSURE Click here

INSPECT FUEL INJECTOR
1. Inspect the fuel injectors Click here.
NG
REPLACE FUEL INJECTOR Click here

OK

CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (FUEL INJECTOR POWER SOURCE)


*1	Front view of wire harness connector: (to Injector)

Disconnect the injector connector.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).

Measure the voltage according to the value(s) in the table below.

Standard Voltage

Cylinder	Tester Connection	Switch Condition	Specified Condition
No. 1	a5-2 - Body ground	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
No. 2	a1-2 - Body ground	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
No. 3	a6-2 - Body ground	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
No. 4	a2-2 - Body ground	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
No. 5	a7-2 - Body ground	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
No. 6	a3-2 - Body ground	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
No. 7	a8-2 - Body ground	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V
No. 8	a4-2 - Body ground	engine switch on (IG)	11 to 14 V

Tech Tips

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.

REPAIR POWER SOURCE CIRCUIT Click here

CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (FUEL INJECTOR - ECM)

Disconnect the injector connector.
Disconnect the ECM connector.

Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.

Standard Resistance

Cylinder	Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
No. 1	a5-1 - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
No. 1	a5-1 - C45-86 (#10)	Always	Below 1 Ω
No. 2	a1-1 - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
No. 2	a1-1 - C45-109 (#20)	Always	Below 1 Ω
No. 3	a6-1 - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
No. 3	a6-1 - C45-85 (#30)	Always	Below 1 Ω
No. 4	a2-1 - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
No. 4	a2-1 - C45-108 (#40)	Always	Below 1 Ω
No. 5	a7-1 - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
No. 5	a7-1 - C45-84 (#50)	Always	Below 1 Ω
No. 6	a3-1 - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
No. 6	a3-1 - C45-107 (#60)	Always	Below 1 Ω
No. 7	a8-1 - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
No. 7	a8-1 - C45-83 (#70)	Always	Below 1 Ω
No. 8	a4-1 - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
No. 8	a4-1 - C45-106 (#80)	Always	Below 1 Ω

Tech Tips

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

CHECK CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR
1. Replace the crankshaft position sensor Click here.
2. Check the engine start operation.
  
  OK
  
  Malfunction has been repaired successfully.
OK
END (CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR IS DEFECTIVE)

NG
CHECK CAMSHAFT POSITION SENSOR
1. Replace the camshaft position sensor Click here.
2. Check the engine start operation.
  
  OK
  
  Malfunction has been repaired successfully.
OK
END (CAMSHAFT POSITION SENSOR IS DEFECTIVE)

NG
REPLACE ECM Click here
CHECK CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR
1. Check the tightening and installation condition of the crankshaft position sensor bolt.
2. Check the connection of the crankshaft position sensor connector.
  
  OK
  
  Sensor is installed correctly.
NG
SECURELY REINSTALL SENSOR Click here

OK
CHECK CAMSHAFT POSITION SENSOR
1. Check the tightening and installation condition of the camshaft position sensor bolt.
2. Check the connection of the camshaft position sensor connector.
  
  OK
  
  Sensor is installed correctly.
NG
SECURELY REINSTALL SENSOR Click here

OK

CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR - ECM)

Disconnect the crankshaft position sensor connector.
Disconnect the ECM connector.

Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.

Standard Resistance

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
C114-1 (NE+) - C45-110 (NE+)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C114-2 (NE-) - C45-111 (NE-)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C114-3 (VC) - C45-66 (VCV2)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C114-1 (NE+) or C45-110 (NE+) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C114-2 (NE-) or C45-111 (NE-) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C114-3 (VC) or C45-66 (VCV2) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

Tech Tips

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (CAMSHAFT POSITION SENSOR - ECM)

Disconnect the camshaft position sensor connector.
Disconnect the ECM connector.

Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.

Standard Resistance

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
C99-1 (G2) - C45-90 (G2)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C99-2 (G-) - C45-89 (G2-)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C99-3 (VC) - C45-66 (VCV2)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C99-1 (G2) or C45-90 (G2) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C99-2 (G-) or C45-89 (G2-) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C99-3 (VC) or C45-66 (VCV2) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

Tech Tips

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

CHECK CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR
1. Replace the crankshaft position sensor Click here.
2. Check the engine start operation.
  
  OK
  
  Malfunction has been repaired successfully.
OK
END (CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR IS DEFECTIVE)

NG
CHECK CAMSHAFT POSITION SENSOR
1. Replace the camshaft position sensor Click here.
2. Check the engine start operation.
  
  OK
  
  Malfunction has been repaired successfully.
OK
END (CAMSHAFT POSITION SENSOR IS DEFECTIVE)

NG
REPLACE ECM Click here

READ VALUE USING GTS (ISC LEARNING VALUE)

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).
Start the engine and warm it up until the engine coolant temperature stabilizes with the A/C switch and all the accessory switches should be off

Using the GTS, select and read [ISC Learning Value] in the Data List.

Result

Data List Item	Result	Suspected Area	Proceed to
ISC Learning Value	(engine displacement (liters) x 0.9) or more	Valve timing Compression	A
ISC Learning Value	Less than (engine displacement (liters) x 0.9)	-	B

INSPECT ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR Click here

CHECK CYLINDER COMPRESSION PRESSURE
1. Inspect the compression Click here.
OK
CHECK VALVE TIMING

NG
REPAIR OR REPLACE ENGINE ASSEMBLY
INSPECT ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR
1. Inspect the engine coolant temperature sensor Click here.
NG
REPLACE ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR Click here

OK

CHECK FUEL PRESSURE

Tech Tips

For the fuel pressure inspection, refer to the following procedures Click here.

Attach a fuel pressure gauge and check the fuel pressure when cranking the engine and after stopping the engine.

Result

Vehicle State	Specified Condition
Cranking engine	304 to 343 kPa (3.1 to 3.5 kgf/cm²)
5 minutes after stopping engine	147 kPa (1.5 kgf/cm²) or more

PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (CONTROL THE FUEL PUMP / SPEED) Click here

READ VALUE USING GTS (LONG FT)

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).

Using the GTS, select and read [Long FT] in the Data List.

Result

Data List Item	Result	Suspected Area	Proceed to
Long FT	-15 to +15%	Wire harness or connector Fuel	A
Long FT	+15% or more, or less than -15%	Fuel injector	B

REPLACE FUEL INJECTOR Click here

PERFORM SIMULATION TEST

Check if the idling speed after starting the engine is currently stable and has always been stable in the past.

Result

Problem Symptom	Suspected Area	Proceed to
Current unstable idling speed or history of unstable idling speed	Crankshaft position sensor system	A
All current and past idling speeds are stable	Fuel	B

Tech Tips

Through the customer problem analysis, confirm the fuel being used and the location at which the fuel was added to check if the malfunction is caused by the fuel in the vehicle.

REPLACE FUEL

CHECK CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR
1. Check the tightening and installation condition of the crankshaft position sensor bolt.
2. Check the connection of the crankshaft position sensor connector.
  
  OK
  
  Sensor is installed correctly.
NG
SECURELY REINSTALL SENSOR Click here

OK

CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR - ECM)

Disconnect the crankshaft position sensor connector.
Disconnect the ECM connector.

Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.

Standard Resistance

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
C114-1 (NE+) - C45-110 (NE+)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C114-2 (NE-) - C45-111 (NE-)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C114-3 (VC) - C45-66 (VCV2)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C114-1 (NE+) or C45-110 (NE+) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C114-2 (NE-) or C45-111 (NE-) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C114-3 (VC) or C45-66 (VCV2) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

Tech Tips

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

CHECK CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR
1. Replace the crankshaft position sensor Click here.
2. Check the engine start operation.
  
  OK
  
  Malfunction has been repaired successfully.
OK
END (CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR IS DEFECTIVE)

NG
REPLACE ECM Click here

PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (CONTROL THE FUEL PUMP / SPEED)

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).
Using the GTS, select the [Control the Fuel Pump / Speed] Active Test.

When performing the Active Test, check for fuel leakage from the fuel pipes.

Result
Result	Proceed to
Fuel leakage or signs of fuel leakage are present	A
No fuel leakage or signs of fuel leakage	B

Tech Tips

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
When performing the Active Test, if there is no operating noise from the fuel pump, the fuel pump system may be malfunctioning.
Check if the vehicle ran out of fuel, as engine starting trouble due to running out of fuel is also detected.

REPAIR OR REPLACE FUEL LINE

INSPECT FUEL PUMP

Remove the fuel suction tube.


*1	Component without harness connected: (Fuel Pump)

Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.

Standard Resistance

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
4 - 5	20°C	0.2 to 3.0 Ω

Tech Tips

Make sure there is no foreign matter such as iron particles on the fuel pump and no signs that the fuel pump was stuck.
Make sure the internal connector is securely connected.
Make sure the fuel pump filter is not clogged.

REPLACE PRESSURE REGULATOR Click here

REPLACE FUEL PUMP Click here

CHECK FUEL PRESSURE

Tech Tips

For the fuel pressure inspection, refer to the following procedures Click here.

Attach a fuel pressure gauge and check the fuel pressure after stopping the engine.

Result

Result	Proceed to
147 kPa (1.5 kgf/cm²) or higher (5 minutes after stopping the engine)	A
Less than 147 kPa (1.5 kgf/cm²) (5 minutes after stopping the engine)	B

PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (CONTROL THE FUEL PUMP / SPEED) Click here

READ VALUE USING GTS (LONG FT)

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).

Using the GTS, select and read [Long FT] in the Data List.

Result

Data List Item	Result	Suspected Area	Proceed to
Long FT	-15 to +15%	Wire harness or connector Fuel	A
Long FT	+15% or more, or less than -15%	Fuel injector	B

REPLACE FUEL INJECTOR Click here

PERFORM SIMULATION TEST

Check if the idling speed after starting the engine is currently stable and has always been stable in the past.

Result
Problem Symptom	Suspected Area	Proceed to
Current unstable idling speed or history of unstable idling speed	Crankshaft position sensor system	A
All current and past idling speeds are stable	Fuel	B

Tech Tips

Through the customer problem analysis, confirm the fuel being used and the location at which the fuel was added to check if the malfunction is caused by the fuel in the vehicle.

REPLACE FUEL

CHECK CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR
1. Check the tightening and installation condition of the crankshaft position sensor bolt.
2. Check the connection of the crankshaft position sensor connector.
  
  OK
  
  Sensor is installed correctly.
NG
SECURELY REINSTALL SENSOR Click here

OK

CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR - ECM)

Disconnect the crankshaft position sensor connector.
Disconnect the ECM connector.

Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.

Standard Resistance

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
C114-1 (NE+) - C45-110 (NE+)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C114-2 (NE-) - C45-111 (NE-)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C114-3 (VC) - C45-66 (VCV2)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C114-1 (NE+) or C45-110 (NE+) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C114-2 (NE-) or C45-111 (NE-) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C114-3 (VC) or C45-66 (VCV2) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

Tech Tips

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

CHECK CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR
1. Replace the crankshaft position sensor Click here.
2. Check the engine start operation.
  
  OK
  
  Malfunction has been repaired successfully.
OK
END (CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR IS DEFECTIVE)

NG
REPLACE ECM Click here

PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING GTS (CONTROL THE FUEL PUMP / SPEED)

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).
Using the GTS, select the [Control the Fuel Pump / Speed] Active Test.

When performing the Active Test, check for fuel leakage from the fuel pipes.

Result
Result	Proceed to
Fuel leakage or signs of fuel leakage are present	A
No fuel leakage or signs of fuel leakage	B

Tech Tips

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
When performing the Active Test, if there is no operating noise from the fuel pump, the fuel pump system may be malfunctioning.
Check if the vehicle ran out of fuel, as engine starting trouble due to running out of fuel is also detected.

REPAIR OR REPLACE FUEL LINE

INSPECT FUEL PUMP

Remove the fuel suction tube.


*1	Component without harness connected: (Fuel Pump)

Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.

Standard Resistance

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
4 - 5	20°C	0.2 to 3.0 Ω

Tech Tips

Make sure there is no foreign matter such as iron particles on the fuel pump and no signs that the fuel pump was stuck.
Make sure the internal connector is securely connected.
Make sure the fuel pump filter is not clogged.

REPLACE FUEL PUMP Click here

CHECK PURGE VSV
1. Disconnect the vacuum hose (on the canister side) of the purge VSV.
2. Start the engine.
3. Idle the engine.
4. Disconnect the connector of the purge VSV.
5. Check if air flows through the purge VSV.
  
  Standard
  
  Air does not flow
6. Connect the connector of the purge VSV.
7. Connect the vacuum hose of the purge VSV.
  
  Tech Tips
  
  When this inspection is performed, the MIL may illuminate. After finishing the inspection, check and clear DTCs Click here.
NG
INSPECT PURGE VSV Click here

OK

CHECK FUEL INJECTOR

Clean the inside of the surge tank with compressed air.

After stopping the engine, measure the HC concentration inside the surge tank for 15 minutes.

Result

Result	Proceed to
4000 ppm or higher	A
Less than 4000 ppm	B

Tech Tips

If the concentration is 4000 ppm or higher, a fuel injector may have a sealing problem.

REPLACE FUEL INJECTOR Click here

CHECK INTAKE VALVE

Check if carbon is on the intake valves.

Result

Result	Proceed to
Carbon present	A
No carbon present	B

CLEAN INTAKE VALVE

READ VALUE USING GTS (ISC LEARNING VALUE)

Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the engine switch on (IG).
Start the engine, turn off all accessory switches and warm up the engine until the engine coolant temperature stabilizes.

Using the GTS, select and read [ISC Learning Value] in the Data List.

Result

Data List Item	Result	Suspected Area	Proceed to
ISC Learning Value	(engine displacement (liters) x 0.9) or more	Valve timing Compression	A
ISC Learning Value	Less than (engine displacement (liters) x 0.9)	-	B

INSPECT ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR Click here

CHECK CYLINDER COMPRESSION PRESSURE
1. Inspect the compression Click here.
OK
ADJUST VALVE TIMING Click here

NG
REPAIR OR REPLACE ENGINE ASSEMBLY
INSPECT ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR
1. Inspect the engine coolant temperature sensor Click here.
NG
REPLACE ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR Click here

OK
CHECK CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR
1. Check the tightening and installation condition of the crankshaft position sensor bolt.
2. Check the connection of the crankshaft position sensor connector.
  
  OK
  
  Sensor is installed correctly.
NG
SECURELY REINSTALL SENSOR Click here

OK
CHECK CAMSHAFT POSITION SENSOR
1. Check the tightening and installation condition of the camshaft position sensor bolt.
2. Check the connection of the camshaft position sensor connector.
  
  OK
  
  Sensor is installed correctly.
NG
SECURELY REINSTALL SENSOR Click here

OK

CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR - ECM)

Disconnect the crankshaft position sensor connector.
Disconnect the ECM connector.

Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.

Standard Resistance

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
C114-1 (NE+) - C45-110 (NE+)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C114-2 (NE-) - C45-111 (NE-)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C114-3 (VC) - C45-66 (VCV2)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C114-1 (NE+) or C45-110 (NE+) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C114-2 (NE-) or C45-111 (NE-) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C114-3 (VC) or C45-66 (VCV2) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

Tech Tips

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (CAMSHAFT POSITION SENSOR - ECM)

Disconnect the camshaft position sensor connector.
Disconnect the ECM connector.

Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.

Standard Resistance

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
C99-1 (G2) - C45-90 (G2)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C99-2 (G-) - C45-89 (G2-)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C99-3 (VC) - C45-66 (VCV2)	Always	Below 1 Ω
C99-1 (G2) or C45-90 (G2) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C99-2 (G-) or C45-89 (G2-) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
C99-3 (VC) or C45-66 (VCV2) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

Tech Tips

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

CHECK CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR
1. Replace the crankshaft position sensor Click here.
2. Check the engine start operation.
  
  OK
  
  Malfunction has been repaired successfully.
OK
END (CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR IS DEFECTIVE)

NG
CHECK CAMSHAFT POSITION SENSOR
1. Replace the camshaft position sensor Click here.
2. Check the engine start operation.
  
  OK
  
  Malfunction has been repaired successfully.
OK
END (CAMSHAFT POSITION SENSOR IS DEFECTIVE)

NG
REPLACE ECM Click here