SFI SYSTEM DATA LIST / ACTIVE TEST


  1. DATA LIST

    Tech Tips

    Using the intelligent tester to perform the Active Tests allows relays, VSVs and actuators and other items to be operated without removing any parts. This non-intrusive functional inspection can be very useful because intermittent operation may be discovered before parts or wiring is disturbed. Performing Active test early in troubleshooting is one way to save diagnostic time. Data List information can be displayed while performing Active Tests.

    Note

    In the table below, the values listed under Normal Condition are reference only. Do not depend solely on these values when determining whether or not a part is faulty.


    1. Warm up the engine.

    2. Turn the engine switch off.

    3. Connect the intelligent tester to the DLC3.

    4. Turn the engine switch on (IG).

    5. Turn the tester on.

    6. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / All Data.

    7. Check the values by referring to the table below.

    Tester Display Measurement Item/Range Normal Condition*1 Diagnostic Note
    Vehicle Speed

    Vehicle speed:

    Min.: 0 km/h, Max.: 255 km/h

    		 Actual vehicle speed Speed indicated on speedometer
    Engine Speed

    Engine speed:

    Min.: 0 rpm, Max.: 16383 rpm

    		 700 to 800 rpm: Idling -
    Calculate Load

    Calculated load by ECM:

    Min.: 0%, Max.: 100%

    • 15.0 to 35.0%: Idling


    • 15.0 to 35.0%: Running without load (2000 rpm)

    		 -
    Vehicle Load

    Vehicle load:

    Min.: 0%, Max.: 25700%

    		 Actual vehicle load Load percentage in terms of maximum intake air flow amount
    MAF

    Air flow rate from mass air flow meter:

    Min.: 0 gm/sec, Max.: 655.35 gm/sec

    4.0 to 7.0 gm/sec: Idling

    12 to 16 gm/sec: 2000 rpm

    If value approximately 0.0 gm/sec:


    • Mass air flow meter power source circuit open


    • VG circuit open or shorted

    If value 271.0 gm/sec or more:


    • E2G circuit open
    Atmosphere Pressure

    Atmospheric pressure:

    Min.: 0 kPa, Max.: 255 kPa

    		 Equivalent to atmospheric pressure (absolute pressure) -
    Coolant Temp

    Engine coolant temperature:

    Min.: -40°C, Max.: 215°C

    80 to 105°C (176 to 221°F):

    After warming up

    • If value -40°C (-40°F): sensor circuit open


    • If value 140°C (284°F) or more: sensor circuit shorted
    Intake Air

    Intake air temperature:

    Min.: -40°C, Max.: 140°C

    		 Equivalent to ambient air temperature

    • If value -40°C (-40°F): sensor circuit open


    • If value 140°C (284°F): sensor circuit shorted
    Engine Run Time

    Engine run time:

    Min.: 0 s, Max.: 65535 s

    		 Time after engine start -
    Initial Engine Coolant Temp

    Initial engine coolant temperature:

    Min.: -40°C, Max.: 119.3°C

    		 Coolant temperature when engine started Service data
    Initial Intake Air Temp

    Initial intake air temperature:

    Min.: -40°C, Max.: 119.3°C

    		 Intake air temperature when engine started Service data
    Battery Voltage

    Battery voltage:

    Min.: 0, Max.: 65.535 V

    		 11 to 14 V: Idling -
    Accel Sens. No. 1 Volt %

    Accelerator pedal position sensor No. 1:

    Min.: 0%, Max.: 100%

    10 to 25%: Accelerator pedal released

    60 to 90%: Accelerator pedal fully depressed

    		 -
    Accel Sens. No. 2 Volt %

    Accelerator pedal position sensor No. 2:

    Min.: 0%, Max.: 100%

    20 to 45%: Accelerator pedal released

    80 to 100%: Accelerator pedal fully depressed

    		 -
    Accel Sensor Out No. 1

    Accelerator pedal position sensor No. 1 voltage:

    Min.: 0 V, Max.: 4.98 V

    0.5 to 1.1 V: Accelerator pedal released

    2.6 to 4.5 V: Accelerator pedal fully depressed

    		 -
    Accel Sensor Out No. 2

    Accelerator pedal position sensor No. 2 voltage:

    Min.: 0 V, Max.: 4.98 V

    1.2 to 2.0 V: Accelerator pedal released

    3.4 to 4.8 V: Accelerator pedal fully depressed

    		 -
    Throttle Sensor Volt %

    Throttle valve opening percentage according to throttle position sensor:

    Min.: 0%, Max.: 100%

    • 10 to 22%: Accelerator pedal released

    • 64 to 96%: Accelerator pedal fully depressed

    		 Value calculated based on the voltage at terminal VTA1
    Throttle Sensor #2 Volt %

    Throttle valve opening percentage according to throttle position sensor No. 2:

    Min.: 0%, Max.: 100%

    • 42 to 62%: Accelerator pedal released

    • 92 to 100%: Accelerator pedal fully depressed

    		 Value calculated based on the voltage at terminal VTA2
    System Guard

    System guard:

    ON or OFF

    		 - -
    Throttle Idle Position

    Whether or not throttle position sensor detecting idling:

    ON or OFF

    • ON: Accelerator pedal released

    • OFF: Accelerator pedal fully depressed

    		 -
    Throttle Require Position

    Required throttle position:

    Min.: 0 V, Max.: 4.98 V

    		 0.5 to 1.1 V: Idling -
    Throttle Sensor Position*3

    Throttle position sensor:

    Min.: 0%, Max.: 100%

    • 0%: Accelerator pedal released

    • 50 to 80%: Accelerator pedal fully depressed

    		 Recognition value for throttle opening angle on ECM
    Throttle Position No. 1

    Throttle position sensor No. 1 output voltage:

    Min.: 0 V, Max.: 4.98 V

    • 0.5 to 1.1 V: Accelerator pedal released


    • 3.2 to 4.8 V: Accelerator pedal fully depressed

    • 0.6 to 1.4 V: Fail-safe operating

    		 -
    Throttle Position No. 2

    Throttle position sensor No. 2 output voltage:

    Min.: 0 V, Max.: 4.98 V

    • 2.1 to 3.1 V: Accelerator pedal released


    • 4.6 to 5.0 V: Accelerator pedal fully depressed

    • 2.1 to 3.1 V: Fail-safe operating

    		 -
    Throttle Position Command

    Throttle position command value:

    Min.: 0 V, Max.: 4.98 V

    		 0.5 to 4.8 V -
    Throttle Sens Open Pos #1

    Throttle sensor opener position No. 1:

    Min.: 0 V, Max.: 4.98 V

    		 0.6 to 1.4 V Electronic throttle control system service data
    Throttle Sens Open Pos #2

    Throttle sensor opener position No. 2:

    Min.: 0 V, Max.: 4.98 V

    		 1.7 to 2.5 V Electronic throttle control system service data
    Throttle Motor Current

    Throttle actuator current:

    Min.: 0 A, Max.: 19.9 A

    		 0 to 3.0 A: Idling Electronic throttle control system service data
    Throttle Motor DUTY

    Throttle actuator:

    Min.: 0%, Max.: 100%

    		 10 to 22%: Idling after engine warmed up -
    Throttle Motor Duty (Open)

    Throttle actuator duty ratio (open):

    Min.: 0%, Max.: 255%

    		 0 to 40%: Idling Electronic throttle control system service data
    Throttle Motor Duty (Close)

    Throttle actuator duty ratio (close):

    Min.: 0%, Max.: 255%

    		 0 to 40%: Idling Electronic throttle control system service data
    Throttle Fully Close Learn

    Throttle valve fully closed

    (learned value):

    Min.: 0 V, Max.: 4.98 V

    		 0.4 to 1.0 V: Accelerator pedal released -
    +BM Voltage

    +BM voltage:

    Min.: 0 V, Max.: 79.998 V

    		 11 to 14 V: Engine switch on (IG), all systems normal Electronic throttle control system service data
    Actuator Power Supply

    Actuator power supply:

    ON or OFF

    		 ON: Idling -
    Throttle Position

    Throttle valve opening angle:

    Min.: 0 deg, Max.: 499.99 deg

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    ISC Flow

    Flow rate calculated from information from each sensor:

    Min.: 0 L/s, Max.: 79.99 L/s

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    ISC Position

    Target valve opening angle calculated from ISC:

    Min.: 0 deg, Max.: 499.99 deg

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    ISC Feedback Value

    ISC feedback value:

    Min.: -40 L/s, Max.: 39.99 L/s

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    ISC Learning Value

    ISC learning value:

    Min.: -40 L/s, Max.: 39.99 L/s

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    Electric Load Feedback Val

    Electrical load feedback value:

    Min.: -40 L/s, Max.: 39.99 L/s

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    Air Conditioner FB Val

    Air conditioner load feedback value:

    Min.: -40 L/s, Max.: 39.99 L/s

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    Low Revolution Control

    Status of low engine speed control:

    ON or OFF

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    Neutral Control

    N position control status for automatic transmission:

    ON or OFF

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    Eng Stall Control FB Flow

    Feedback value of intake air flow:

    Min.: -40 L/s, Max.: 39.99 L/s

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    Deposit Loss Flow

    Deposit loss air flow rate:

    Min.: -40 L/s, Max.: 39.99 L/s

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    Fuel Press

    Fuel pressure (high pressure side):

    Min.: 0 kPa, Max.: 655350 kPa

    3500 to 4500 kPa: Idling

    7000 to 9000 kPa: 2000 rpm

    		 -
    Injector (Port)

    Injection period of No. 1 cylinder:

    Min.: 0 μs, Max.: 65535 μs

    		 - -
    Injection Volum (Cylinder 1)

    Injection volume (Cylinder 1):

    Min.: 0 ml, Max.: 2.047 ml

    		 0.005 to 0.015 ml: Idling Quantity of fuel injection volume for 10 times (Port and Direct)
    Fuel Pump Speed Control

    F/PMP relay status:

    ON or OFF

    		 - Active Test support data
    Fuel Pump/Speed Status

    Fuel pump/status:

    ON or OFF

    		 - Active Test support data
    Fuel Pressure Target Value

    Target fuel pressure by the fuel pump for high pressure:

    Min.: 0 MPa, Max.: 65.535 MPa

    3 to 5 MPa: Idling

    7 to 9 MPa: 2500 rpm (No load)

    		 -
    Fuel Pump Duty (D4)

    Fuel pump for high pressure duty (D4) (bank 1):

    Min.: 0%, Max.: 127.5%

    		 - -
    Fuel Pump2 Duty (D4)

    Fuel pump for high pressure duty (D4) (bank 2):

    Min.: 0%, Max.: 127.5%

    		 - -
    HP FP Discharge Rate

    Fuel volume required by the fuel pump for high pressure (bank 1):

    Min.: 0 ml, Max.: 2.047 ml

    		 - -
    HP FP Discharge Rate 2

    Fuel volume required by the fuel pump for high pressure (bank 2):

    Min.: 0 ml, Max.: 2.047 ml

    		 - -
    Injection Way

    Injection mode:

    Port / Direct / Either

    		 - -
    Injection Switching Status

    Prohibition of changing the D-4S injection method:

    OK or NG

    		 OK: Change of fuel injection method is normal Permission status of changing of fuel injection method during Active Test
    Injection Timing (D4)

    No. 1 cylinder injector for direct injection timing:

    Min.: -3276.8 CA, Max.: 3276.7 CA

    		 290 to 310 CA: Idling -
    Injection Time (D4)

    Final fuel injection time of No. 1 injector for direct injection:

    Min.: 0 μs., Max.: 65535 μs

    		 700to 2000 μs: Idling -
    EVAP (Purge) VSV

    Purge VSV control duty:

    Min.: 0%, Max.: 100%

    		 0 to 40%: Idling Order signal from ECM
    Evap Purge Flow

    Purge flow:

    Min.: 0%, Max.: 399.9%

    		 0 to 8%: Idling Service data
    Purge Density Learn Value

    Learning value of purge density:

    Min.: -200, Max.: 199.993

    		 -35 to 1: Idling Service data
    EVAP Purge VSV

    Purge VSV control:

    ON or OFF

    		 - Active Test support data
    Purge Cut VSV Duty

    Purge cut VSV duty:

    Min.: 0%, Max.: 399.9%

    		 - -
    Target Air-Fuel Ratio

    Target air fuel ratio:

    Min.: 0, Max.: 1.99

    		 0.8 to 1.2: Idling -
    AF Lamba B1S1

    Short-term fuel trim associated with bank 1 sensor 1:

    Min.: 0, Max.: 1.99

    • Value less than 1 (0.000 to 0.999) = Rich


    • Stoichiometric air-fuel ratio = 1


    • Value greater than 1 (1.001 to 1.999) = Lean

    		 -
    AF Lambda B2S1

    Short-term fuel trim associated with bank 2 sensor 1:

    Min.: 0, Max.: 1.99

    • Value less than 1 (0.000 to 0.999) = Rich


    • Stoichiometric air-fuel ratio = 1


    • Value greater than 1 (1.001 to 1.999) = Lean

    		 -
    AFS Voltage B1S1

    Air fuel ratio sensor output voltage for bank 1 sensor 1:

    Min.: 0 V, Max.: 7.99 V

    		 3 to 3.5 V: Idling Performing Control the Injection Volume or Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor function of Active Test enables technician to check output voltage of sensor
    AFS Voltage B2S1

    Air fuel ratio sensor output voltage for bank 2 sensor 1:

    Min.: 0 V, Max.: 7.99 V

    		 3 to 3.5 V: Idling Performing Control the Injection Volume or Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor function of Active Test enables technician to check output voltage of sensor
    AFS Current B1S1

    Air fuel ratio sensor output current for bank 1 sensor 1:

    Min.: -128 mA, Max.: 127.99 mA

    		 -0.5 to 0.5 mA: Idling -
    AFS Current B2S1

    Air fuel ratio sensor output current for bank 2 sensor 1:

    Min.: -128 mA, Max.: 127.99 mA

    		 -0.5 to 0.5 mA: Idling -
    A/F Heater Duty #1

    Air fuel ratio heater duty for bank 1:

    Min.: 0%, Max.: 399.9%

    		 0 to 100% -
    A/F Heater Duty #2

    Air fuel ratio heater duty for bank 2:

    Min: 0%, Max.: 399.9%

    		 0 to 100% -
    O2S B1S2

    Heated oxygen sensor output voltage for bank 1 sensor 2:

    Min.: 0 V, Max.: 1.275 V

    0.1 to 0.9 V:

    Driving at 70 km/h (44 mph)

    		 Performing Control the Injection Volume or Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor function of Active Test enables technician to check output voltage of sensor
    O2S B2S2

    Heated oxygen sensor output voltage for bank 2 sensor 2:

    Min.: 0 V, Max.: 1.275 V

    0.1 to 0.9 V:

    Driving at 70 km/h (44 mph)

    		 Performing Control the Injection Volume or Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor function of Active Test enables technician to check output voltage of sensor
    O2 Heater B1S2

    Heated oxygen sensor heater for bank 1 sensor 2:

    Not Act or Active

    		 - -
    O2 Heater B2S2

    Heated oxygen sensor heater for bank 2 sensor 2:

    Not Act or Active

    		 - -
    O2 Heater Curr Val B1S2

    Heated oxygen sensor current for bank 1 sensor 2:

    Min.: 0 A, Max.: 4.9 A

    		 - -
    O2 Heater Curr Val B2S2

    Heated oxygen sensor current for bank 2 sensor 2:

    Min.: 0 A, Max.: 4.9 A

    		 - -
    Short FT #1

    Short-term fuel trim of bank 1:

    Min.: -100%, Max.: 99.2%

    		 -20 to 20% Short-term fuel compensation used to maintain air fuel ratio at stoichiometric air fuel ratio
    Long FT #1

    Long-term fuel trim of bank 1:

    Min.: -100%, Max.: 99.2%

    		 -30 to 30% Overall fuel compensation carried out in long-term to compensate for continual deviation of short-term fuel trim from central value
    Total FT #1

    Total fuel trim of bank 1

    Average value for fuel trim system of bank 1:

    Min.: -0.5, Max.: 0.496

    		 -0.28 to 0.2: Idling -
    Short FT #2

    Short-term fuel trim of bank 2:

    Min.: -100%, Max.: 99.2%

    		 -20 to 20% Short-term fuel compensation used to maintain air fuel ratio at stoichiometric air fuel ratio
    Long FT #2

    Long-term fuel trim of bank 2:

    Min.: -100%, Max.: 99.2%

    		 -30 to 30% Overall fuel compensation carried out in long-term to compensate for continual deviation of short-term fuel trim from central value
    Total FT #2

    Total fuel trim of bank 2

    Average value for fuel trim system of bank 2:

    Min.: -0.5, Max.: 0.496

    		 -0.28 to 0.2: Idling -
    Fuel System Status #1

    Fuel system status (bank 1):

    OL or CL or OLDrive or OLFault or CLFault

    		 CL: Idling after warming up

    • OL (Open Loop): Has not yet satisfied conditions to go closed loop


    • CL (Closed Loop): Using air fuel ratio sensor as feedback for fuel control


    • OLDrive: Open loop due to driving conditions (fuel enrichment)


    • OLFault: Open loop due to detected system fault


    • CLFault: Closed loop but air fuel ratio sensor, which used for fuel control malfunctioning
    Fuel System Status #2

    Fuel system status (bank 2):

    OL or CL or OLDrive or OLFault or CLFault

    		 CL: Idling after warming up

    • OL (Open Loop): Has not yet satisfied conditions to go closed loop


    • CL (Closed Loop): Using air fuel ratio sensor as feedback for fuel control


    • OLDrive: Open loop due to driving conditions (fuel enrichment)


    • OLFault: Open loop due to detected system fault


    • CLFault: Closed loop but air fuel ratio sensor, which used for fuel control malfunctioning
    IGN Advance

    Ignition timing advance for No. 1 cylinder:

    Min.: -64 deg., Max.: 63.5 deg.

    		 BTDC 8 to 18°: Idling -
    Knock Feedback Value

    Feedback value of knocking:

    Min: -1024 CA, Max.: 1023.9 CA

    -31.5 to 0 CA:

    Driving at 44 mph (70 km/h)

    		 Service data
    Knock Correct Learn Value

    Correction learning value of knocking:

    Min: -1024 CA, Max.: 1023.9 CA

    3 to 31.5 CA:

    Driving at 44 mph (70 km/h)

    		 Service data
    Idle Spark Advn Ctrl #1

    Ignition timing advance value (for No. 1 cylinder):

    Min.: 0°CA, Max.: 15.93°CA

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    Idle Spark Advn Ctrl #2

    Ignition timing advance value (for No. 2 cylinder):

    Min.: 0°CA, Max.: 15.93°CA

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    Idle Spark Advn Ctrl #3

    Ignition timing advance value (for No. 3 cylinder):

    Min.: 0°CA, Max.: 15.93°CA

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    Idle Spark Advn Ctrl #4

    Ignition timing advance value (for No. 4 cylinder):

    Min.: 0°CA, Max.: 15.93°CA

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    Idle Spark Advn Ctrl #5

    Ignition timing advance value (for No. 5 cylinder):

    Min.: 0°CA, Max.: 15.93°CA

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    Idle Spark Advn Ctrl #6

    Ignition timing advance value (for No. 6 cylinder):

    Min.: 0°CA, Max.: 15.93°CA

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    Idle Spark Advn Ctrl #7

    Ignition timing advance value (for No. 7 cylinder):

    Min.: 0°CA, Max.: 15.93°CA

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    Idle Spark Advn Ctrl #8

    Ignition timing advance value (for No. 8 cylinder):

    Min.: 0°CA, Max.: 15.93°CA

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    AICV VSV

    VSV for intake control system status:

    ON or OFF

    		 ON: AICV open -
    VVT Advance Fail

    Status of VVT advance fail:

    ON or OFF

    		 ON: VVT control failure -
    VVT Change Angle #1*2

    VVT change angle (bank 1):

    Min.: 0 DegFR, Max.: 639.9 DegFR

    		 8 to 12 DegFR: Idling Displacement angle during intrusive operation
    VVT Change Angle #2*2

    VVT change angle (bank 2):

    Min.: 0 DegFR, Max.: 639.9 DegFR

    		 8 to 12 DegFR: Idling Displacement angle during intrusive operation
    VVT Ex Hold Lrn Val #1*2

    VVT exhaust hold duty ratio learning value (bank 1):

    Min.: 0%, Max.: 399.9%

    		 0 to 80%: Idling -
    VVT Ex Chg Angle #1*2

    VVT exhaust change angle (bank 1):

    Min.: 0 DegFR, Max.: 639.9 DegFR

    		 0 to 40 DegFR: Idling Displacement angle during intrusive operation
    VVT Ex OCV Duty #1*2

    VVT exhaust oil control valve duty (bank 1):

    Min.: 0%, Max.: 399.9%

    		 0 to 100%: Idling Requested duty value for intrusive operation
    VVT Ex Hold Lrn Val #2*2

    VVT exhaust hold duty ratio learning value (bank 2):

    Min.: 0%, Max.: 399.9%

    		 0 to 80%: Idling -
    VVT Ex Chg Angle #2*2

    VVT exhaust change angle (bank 2):

    Min.: 0 DegFR, Max.: 639.9 DegFR

    		 0 to 40 DegFR: Idling Displacement angle during intrusive operation
    VVT Ex OCV Duty #2*2

    VVT exhaust oil control valve duty (bank 2):

    Min.: 0%, Max.: 399.9%

    		 0 to 100%: Idling Requested duty value for intrusive operation
    VVT-iE Aim Angle #1*2

    VVT-iE aim angle (bank 1):

    Min.: 0 DegFR, Max.: 639.9 DegFR

    		 10 DegFR: Idling -
    VVT-iE Aim Angle #2*2

    VVT-iE aim angle (bank 2):

    Min.: 0 DegFR, Max.: 639.9 DegFR

    		 10 DegFR: Idling -
    VVT-iE Mot Direction #1

    VVT-iE motor direction (bank 1):

    Backward or Forward

    		 Forward: Idling -
    VVT-iE Mot Direction #2

    VVT-iE motor direction (bank 2):

    Backward or Forward

    		 Forward: Idling -
    VN Turbo Type

    Variable nozzle turbo type:

    Not Avl or Commo or Vacuum or CAN Com

    		 Not Avl (Unused) -
    Catalyst Temp B1S1

    Catalyst temperature (bank 1 sensor 1):

    Min.: -40°C, Max.: 6513.5°C

    		 - -
    Catalyst Temp B2S1

    Catalyst temperature (bank 2 sensor 1):

    Min.: -40°C, Max.: 6513.5°C

    		 - -
    Catalyst Temp B1S2

    Catalyst temperature (bank 1 sensor 2):

    Min.: -40°C, Max.: 6513.5°C

    		 - -
    Catalyst Temp B2S2

    Catalyst temperature (bank 2 sensor 2):

    Min.: -40°C, Max.: 6513.5°C

    		 - -
    Starter Signal

    Starter signal:

    Open or Close

    		 Open: Cranking -
    Starter Control

    Starter switch status:

    ON or OFF

    		 ON: Cranking -
    Starter Relay

    Starter relay status:

    ON or OFF

    		 ON: Cranking -
    ACC Relay

    ACC relay status:

    ON or OFF

    		 ON: Cranking -
    Neutral Position SW Signal

    Park/neutral position switch status:

    ON or OFF

    		 ON: P or N position -
    Stop Light Switch

    Stop light switch status:

    ON or OFF

    		 ON: Brake pedal depressed -
    A/C Signal

    A/C switch status:

    ON or OFF

    		 ON: A/C ON -
    Idle Up Signal

    Idle up signal:

    ON or OFF

    		 - -
    Closed Throttle Position SW

    Closed throttle position switch:

    ON or OFF

    • ON: Throttle fully closed


    • OFF: Throttle open

    		 -
    Fuel Cut Condition

    Fuel cut condition:

    ON or OFF

    		 ON: Fuel cut operating -
    Immobiliser Communication

    Immobiliser communication:

    ON or OFF

    		 ON: Normal -
    Engine Oil Pressure SW

    Engine oil pressure switch signal:

    ON or OFF

    		 ON: Oil pressure warning light turned ON -
    Check Mode

    Check mode:

    OFF or ON

    		 ON: Check mode ON

    Click here

    SPD Test Result

    Check mode result for speed signal:

    Compl or Incmpl

    		 - -
    Misfire Test Result

    Check mode result for misfire monitor:

    Compl or Incmpl

    		 - -
    OXS1 Test Result

    Check mode result for heated oxygen sensor (bank 1):

    Compl or Incmpl

    		 - -
    OXS2 Test Result

    Check mode result for heated oxygen sensor (bank 2):

    Compl or Incmpl

    		 - -
    A/F Test Results #2

    Check mode result for air fuel ratio sensor (bank 2):

    Compl or Incmpl

    		 - -
    A/F Test Results #1

    Check mode result for air fuel ratio sensor (bank 1):

    Compl or Incmpl

    		 - -
    Complete Parts Monitor

    Comprehensive component monitor:

    Not Avl or Avail

    		 - -
    Fuel System Monitor

    Fuel system monitor:

    Not Avl or Avail

    		 - -
    Misfire Monitor

    Misfire monitor:

    Not Avl or Avail

    		 - -
    EGR/VVT Monitor

    EGR/VVT monitor:

    Not Avl or Avail

    		 - -
    EGR/VVT Monitor

    EGR/VVT monitor:

    Compl or Incmpl

    		 - -
    O2S (A/FS) Heater Monitor

    Heated oxygen sensor (Air fuel ratio sensor) heater monitor:

    Not Avl or Avail

    		 - -
    O2S (A/FS) Heater Monitor

    Heated oxygen sensor (Air fuel ratio sensor) heater monitor:

    Compl or Incmpl

    		 - -
    O2S (A/FS) Monitor

    Heated oxygen sensor (Air fuel ratio sensor) monitor:

    Not Avl or Avail

    		 - -
    O2S (A/FS) Monitor

    Heated oxygen sensor (Air fuel ratio sensor) monitor:

    Compl or Incmpl

    		 - -
    A/C Monitor

    A/C monitor:

    Not Avl or Avail

    		 - -
    A/C Monitor

    A/C monitor:

    Compl or Incmpl

    		 - -
    2nd Air Monitor

    2nd air monitor:

    Not Avl or Avail

    		 - -
    2nd Air Monitor

    2nd air monitor:

    Compl or Incmpl

    		 - -
    EVAP Monitor

    EVAP monitor:

    Not Avl or Avail

    		 - -
    EVAP Monitor

    EVAP monitor:

    Compl or Incmpl

    		 - -
    Heated Catalyst Monitor

    Heated catalyst monitor:

    Not Avl or Avail

    		 - -
    Heated Catalyst Monitor

    Heated catalyst monitor:

    Compl or Incmpl

    		 - -
    Catalyst Monitor

    Catalyst monitor:

    Not Avl or Avail

    		 - -
    Catalyst Monitor

    Catalyst monitor:

    Compl or Incmpl

    		 - -
    TC Terminal

    TC terminal status:

    ON or OFF

    		 - -
    # Codes (Include History)

    Number of emission related DTCs:

    Min.: 0, Max.: 255

    		 0: No emission related DTC detected -
    MIL

    MIL status:

    ON or OFF

    		 ON: MIL ON -
    MIL ON Run Distance

    MIL ON Run Distance:

    Min.: 0 Km, Max.: 65535 Km

    		 Distance after DTC detected -
    Running Time from MIL ON

    Running time from MIL ON:

    Min.: 0 min., Max.: 65535 min

    		 Equivalent to running time after MIL ON -
    Time after DTC Cleared

    Time after DTC cleared:

    Min.: 0 min., Max.: 65535 min

    		 Equivalent to time after DTCs cleared -
    Distance from DTC Cleared

    Distance after DTC cleared:

    Min.: 0 km, Max.: 65535 km

    		 Equivalent to drive distance after DTCs cleared -
    Warmup Cycle Cleared DTC

    Warm-up cycles since DTCs cleared:

    Min.: 0, Max.: 255

    		 - Number of warm-up cycles since DTCs cleared
    Dist Batt Cable Disconnect

    Accumulated distance from battery cable disconnected:

    Min.: 0 Km, Max.: 65535 Km

    		 - -
    OBD Requirements OBD requirement E-OBD -
    Number of Emission DTC Emission related DTCs - Number of emission related DTCs
    TC and TE1

    TC and CG (TE1) terminals of DLC3:

    ON or OFF

    		 - Active Test support data
    Ignition Trig. Current

    Number of counts of misfire counter:

    Min.: 0, Max.: 65535

    		 0 to 800 -
    Cylinder #1 Misfire Count

    Misfire count of cylinder 1:

    Min.: 0, Max.: 255

    		 0 -
    Cylinder #2 Misfire Count

    Misfire count of cylinder 2:

    Min.: 0, Max.: 255

    		 0 -
    Cylinder #3 Misfire Count

    Misfire count of cylinder 3:

    Min.: 0, Max.: 255

    		 0 -
    Cylinder #4 Misfire Count

    Misfire count of cylinder 4:

    Min.: 0, Max.: 255

    		 0 -
    Cylinder #5 Misfire Count

    Misfire count of cylinder 5:

    Min.: 0, Max.: 255

    		 0 -
    Cylinder #6 Misfire Count

    Misfire count of cylinder 6:

    Min.: 0, Max.: 255

    		 0 -
    Cylinder #7 Misfire Count

    Misfire count of cylinder 7:

    Min.: 0, Max.: 255

    		 0 -
    Cylinder #8 Misfire Count

    Misfire count of cylinder 8:

    Min.: 0, Max.: 255

    		 0 -
    All Cylinders Misfire Count

    All cylinder misfire count:

    Min.: 0, Max.: 255

    		 0 to 35 -
    Multi Cylinders Misfire Count

    Multiple cylinder misfire count:

    Min.: 0 Max.: 65535

    		 0 to 65535 -
    Misfire RPM

    Average engine speed during misfire:

    Min.: 0 rpm, Max.: 6375 rpm

    		 0 rpm: Misfire 0 -
    Misfire Load

    Average load during misfire:

    Min.: 0 g/rev, Max.: 3.98 g/rev

    		 0 g/rev: Misfire 0 -
    Engine Speed (Starter Off)

    Engine speed when starter off:

    Min,: 0 rpm, Max.: 51199 rpm

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    Starter Count

    Number of times starter turned on after engine switch turned from off to on (IG):

    Min.: 0, Max.: 255

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    Run Dist of Previous Trip

    Distance traveled during previous trip:

    Min.: 0 km, Max.: 655.35 km

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    Engine Starting Time

    Engine run time (elapsed time from engine switch on (IG) to off):

    Min.: 0 ms, Max.: 655350 ms

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    Previous Trip Coolant Temp

    Coolant temperature of previous trip:

    Min.: -40°C, Max.: 215°C

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    Previous Trip Intake Temp

    Intake temperature of previous trip:

    Min.: -40°C, Max.: 215°C

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    Engine Oil Temperature

    Engine oil temperature (estimated):

    Min.: -40°C, Max.: 215°C

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    Previous Trip Eng Oil Temp

    Engine oil temperature of previous trip:

    Min.: -40°C, Max.: 215°C

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    Ambient Temp for A/C

    Ambient temperature:

    Min.: -40°C, Max.: 215°C

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    Previous Trip Ambient Temp

    Ambient temperature of previous trip:

    Min.: -40°C, Max.: 215°C

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    Engine Start Hesitation

    History of instances of slow engine starts:

    ON or OFF

    		 - -
    Low Rev for Eng Start

    History of low engine speed after engine starts:

    ON or OFF

    		 - -
    Minimum Engine Speed

    Minimum engine speed:

    Min.: 0 rpm, Max.: 51199 rpm

    		 - When the engine stalls, is difficult to start, or idles roughly
    Electric Fan Motor

    Electric fan motors:

    ON or OFF

    		 - Active Test support data
    Idle Fuel Cut Prohibit

    Idle fuel cut:

    ON or OFF

    		 ON: Fuel cut operating Idle Fuel Cut = "ON" when throttle valve fully closed and engine speed over 1500 rpm
    Idle Fuel Cut

    Idle fuel cut:

    ON or OFF

    		 ON: Fuel cut operating Idle Fuel Cut = "ON" when throttle valve fully closed and engine speed over 1500 rpm
    FC TAU

    Fuel cut TAU (Fuel cut during very light load):

    ON or OFF

    		 ON: Fuel cut operating Fuel cut being performed under very light load to prevent incomplete engine combustion
    Immobiliser Fuel Cut

    Status of the immobiliser fuel cut:

    ON or OFF

    		 - -
    Communication with ECT

    Status of the communication with ECT:

    Comm or No Comm

    		 - -
    Electrical Load Signal 1

    Electrical load signal:

    ON or OFF

    		 - -
    Key Unlock Signal

    Key unlock signal status:

    ON or OFF

    		 - -
    Model Code Model code -

    Identifies model code:

    USE2#
    Engine Type Engine type -

    Identifies engine type:

    2URGSE
    Cylinder Number Cylinder number -

    Identifies number of cylinders:

    8
    Transmission Type Transmission type -

    Identifies transmission type:

    ECT 8th
    Destination Destination -

    Identifies destination:

    W
    Model Year

    Model year:

    Min.: 1900, Max.: 2155

    		 -

    Identifies model year:

    20##
    System Identification System identification -

    Identifies engine system:

    Gasoline (gasoline engine)
    Engine Speed of Cyl #1

    Engine speed for cylinder 1:

    Min.: 0 rpm, Max.: 51199 rpm

    		 - Output only when Check the Cylinder Compression is performed using Active Test
    Engine Speed of Cyl #2

    Engine speed for cylinder 2:

    Min.: 0 rpm, Max.: 51199 rpm

    		 - Output only when Check the Cylinder Compression is performed using Active Test
    Engine Speed of Cyl #3

    Engine speed for cylinder 3:

    Min.: 0 rpm, Max.: 51199 rpm

    		 - Output only when Check the Cylinder Compression is performed using Active Test
    Engine Speed of Cyl #4

    Engine speed for cylinder 4:

    Min.: 0 rpm, Max.: 51199 rpm

    		 - Output only when Check the Cylinder Compression is performed using Active Test
    Engine Speed of Cyl #5

    Engine speed for cylinder 5:

    Min.: 0 rpm, Max.: 51199 rpm

    		 - Output only when Check the Cylinder Compression is performed using Active Test
    Engine Speed of Cyl #6

    Engine speed for cylinder 6:

    Min.: 0 rpm, Max.: 51199 rpm

    		 - Output only when Check the Cylinder Compression is performed using Active Test
    Engine Speed of Cyl #7

    Engine speed for cylinder 7:

    Min.: 0 rpm, Max.: 51199 rpm

    		 - Output only when Check the Cylinder Compression is performed using Active Test
    Engine Speed of Cyl #8

    Engine speed for cylinder 8:

    Min.: 0 rpm, Max.: 51199 rpm

    		 - Output only when Check the Cylinder Compression is performed using Active Test
    Av Engine Speed of All Cyl

    Engine speed for all cylinders:

    Min.: 0 rpm, Max.: 51199 rpm

    		 - Output only when Check the Cylinder Compression is performed
    Received MIL from ECT

    MIL status from ECT:

    ON or OFF

    		 ON: MIL ON -
    Shift Position Sig. from ECT

    Shift position signal from ECT:

    1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th or 8th

    		 - -
    A/T Oil Temp from ECT

    ATF temperature from ECT:

    Min.: -40°C, Max.: 215°C

    		 With engine cold: Equal to ambient temperature -
    SPD (NO)

    Output shaft speed:

    Min.: 0 rpm, Max.: 12750 rpm

    		 - -
    SPD (NT)

    Input shaft speed:

    Min.: 0 rpm, Max.: 12750 rpm

    • Lock up is on (after warming up engine): Input turbine speed (NT) is equal to engine speed

    • Lock up is off (idling with shift lever on N): Input turbine speed (NT) is nearly equal to engine speed

    		 -
    ECT Lock Up

    Lock up:

    ON or OFF

    		 ON: Lock up is operating -
    Shift SW Status (P Range)

    Park/neutral position switch status:

    ON or OFF

    Shift lever is:


    • ON: In P

    • OFF: Not in P

    When shift lever position displayed on the intelligent tester differs from actual position, adjustment of park/neutral position switch or shift cable may be incorrect

    Tech Tips

    When failure still occurs even after adjusting these parts, refer to DTC P0705 Click here.
    Kick Down Switch Status

    Kick down switch status:

    ON or OFF

    Accelerator pedal is:


    • Fully depressed: ON

    • Released: OFF

    		 -
    Pattern Switch (PWR/M)

    Pattern switch (PWR) status:

    ON or OFF

    Pattern switch (PWR) is:


    • Pushed: ON

    • Not pushed: OFF

    		 -
    Shift SW Status (R Range)

    Park/neutral position switch status:

    ON or OFF

    Shift lever is:


    • ON: In R

    • OFF: Not in R

    When shift lever position displayed on the intelligent tester differs from actual position, adjustment of park/neutral position switch or shift cable may be incorrect

    Tech Tips

    When failure still occurs even after adjusting these parts, refer to DTC P0705 Click here.
    Shift SW Status (N Range)

    Park/neutral position switch status:

    ON or OFF

    Shift lever is:


    • ON: In N

    • OFF: Not in N

    When shift lever position displayed on the intelligent tester differs from actual position, adjustment of park/neutral position switch or shift cable may be incorrect

    Tech Tips

    When failure still occurs even after adjusting these parts, refer to DTC P0705 Click here.
    Sports Shift Up SW

    Sport shift up switch status:

    ON or OFF

    • ON: Continuously shift to "+" (up-shift)

    • OFF: Release "+" (up-shift)

    		 -
    Sports Shift Down SW

    Sport shift down switch status:

    ON or OFF

    • ON: Continuously shift to "-" (down-shift)

    • OFF: Release "-" (down-shift)

    		 -
    Sports Mode Selection SW

    Sport mode select switch status:

    ON or OFF

    Shift lever is:


    • ON: M, "+" or "-"

    • OFF: Not in M, "+" or "-"

    		 -
    Shift SW Status (D Range)

    Park/neutral position switch status:

    ON or OFF

    Shift lever is:


    • ON: In D or M

    • OFF: Not in D or M

    When shift lever position displayed on the intelligent tester differs from actual position, adjustment of park/neutral position switch or shift cable may be incorrect

    Tech Tips

    When failure still occurs even after adjusting these parts, refer to DTC P0705 Click here.
    Snow or 2nd Start Mode

    Pattern switch (SNOW) status:

    ON or OFF

    Engine switch in:

    On (IG): OFF

    ↓

    Pattern switch (SNOW) is:

    Pushed: ON

    ↓

    Pattern switch (SNOW) is:

    Pushed: OFF

    		 -

    Tech Tips


    • *1: If no idling conditions are specified, the shift lever should be in N or P, and the A/C switch and all accessory switches should be off.

    • *2: Data List values are only displayed when performing the following Active Tests: Control the VVT-iE Linear (Bank 1), Control the VVT-iE Linear (Bank 2), Control the Exhaust Linear (Bank 1) and Control the Exhaust Linear (Bank 2). For other Active Tests, the Data List value will be 0.

    • *3: Excluding throttle valve opening percentage due to Idle Speed Control (ISC).

  2. ACTIVE TEST

    Tech Tips

    Using the intelligent tester to perform the Active Tests allows relays, VSVs and actuators and other items to be operated without removing any parts. This non-intrusive functional inspection can be very useful because intermittent operation may be discovered before parts or wiring is disturbed. Performing the Active Test early in troubleshooting is one way to save diagnostic time. Data List information can be displayed while performing Active Tests.


    • Data List can be displayed during the Active Test.


    1. Connect the intelligent tester to the DLC3.

    2. Turn the engine switch on (IG).

    3. Turn the tester on.

    4. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Active Test /

    5. According to the display on tester, perform the "Active Test".

    Tester Display Test Part Control Range Diagnostic Note
    Control the Injection Volume Change injection volume -12.5 to 24.8%

    • All injectors tested at the same time


    • Perform test at less than 3000 rpm


    • Injection volume can be changed in 1% graduations within control range
    Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor Change injection volume Lower by 12.5% or increase by 25%

    • Perform test at less than 3000 rpm


    • Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor enables checking and graphing of air fuel ratio sensor and heated oxygen sensor voltage outputs


    • To conduct test, enter the following menus: Active Test / Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor / Data List / A/F Control System / AFS Voltage B1S1, AFS Voltage B2S1, O2S B1S2 and O2S B2S2
    Activate the Fuel Pump Speed Control Fuel pump speed control ON (low speed) / OFF (high speed)

    Test possible when the following conditions are met:


    • Engine switch on (IG)


    • Engine stopped
    Activate the VSV for EVAP Control Activate the purge VSV (ALONE) ON/OFF Only purge VSV is commanded during this test
    Control the Fuel Pump/Speed Activate fuel pump (CIRCUIT OPENING relay) ON/OFF

    Test possible when the following conditions are met:


    • Engine switch on (IG)


    • Engine stopped
    Connect the TC and TE1 Turn on and off TC and CG (TE1) connection ON/OFF

    • ON: TC and TE1 connected


    • OFF: TC and TE1 disconnected
    Control the Idle Fuel Cut Prohibit Prohibit idling fuel cut control ON/OFF -
    Control the Electric Cooling Fan Control electric cooling fan ON/OFF

    Test possible when the following conditions are met:


    • Engine switch on (IG)


    • Engine stopped
    Activate the Starter Relay Active starter relay ON/OFF -
    Activate the ACC Cut Relay Active ACC CUT relay ON/OFF

    Test possible when the following conditions are met:


    • Engine switch on (IG)


    • Engine stopped
    Control the ETCS Open/Close Slow Speed Throttle actuator Close/Open

    Test possible when the following conditions are met:


    • Engine switch on (IG)


    • Engine stopped


    • Accelerator pedal fully depressed (Accelerator pedal position: 58 degrees or more)
    Control the ETCS Open/Close Fast Speed Throttle actuator Close/Open
    Control the VVT-iE Linear (Bank1) VVT-iE (bank 1) 0 to 45 deg -
    Control the VVT-iE Linear (Bank2) VVT-iE (bank 2) 0 to 45 deg -
    Control the VVT Exhaust Linear (Bank1) Control VVT (bank 1)

    -128 to 127%

    This valve added to present camshaft timing oil control valve control duty

    100%: Maximum retard

    -100%: Maximum advance

    • Engine stall or rough idle when VVT actuator operated by 100%

    • Test possible while engine idling
    Control the VVT Exhaust Linear (Bank2) Control VVT (bank 2)
    Control the Injection Timing #1 Control injection timing #1 -16°CA to 15.87°CA Test possible while vehicle stopped and engine idling
    Control the Injection Timing #2 Control injection timing #2 -16°CA to 15.87°CA
    Control the Injection Timing #3 Control injection timing #3 -16°CA to 15.87°CA
    Control the Injection Timing #4 Control injection timing #4 -16°CA to 15.87°CA
    Control the Injection Timing #5 Control injection timing #5 -16°CA to 15.87°CA
    Control the Injection Timing #6 Control injection timing #6 -16°CA to 15.87°CA
    Control the Injection Timing #7 Control injection timing #7 -16°CA to 15.87°CA
    Control the Injection Timing #8 Control injection timing #8 -16°CA to 15.87°CA
    Activate the VSV for AICS Activate the VSV for Air Intake Control System ON/OFF Valve closes when turned on
    Control the Target Fuel Pressure Control the target fuel pressure -12.5 to 24.8% Test possible while vehicle stopped and engine idling
    Control the Injection Way Perform 3 pattern in order to operate fuel injection Either/Port/Direct

    • Test possible while vehicle stopped and engine idling.

    • When the Data List's Injection Switching Status is normal
    D-4S (A/F Control) Perform 3 pattern in order to operate air fuel ratio control Either/Port/Direct

    • Test possible while vehicle stopped and engine idling.

    • When the Data List's Injection Switching Status is normal
    D-4S (Injection Volume) Perform 3 pattern in order to operate injection volume Either/Port/Direct

    • Test possible while vehicle stopped and engine idling.

    • When the Data List's Injection Switching Status is normal
    D-4S (Fuel Cut) Perform 3 pattern in order to operate fuel cut Either/Port/Direct

    • Test possible while vehicle stopped and engine idling.

    • When the Data List's Injection Switching Status is normal
    Control the Cylinder #1 Fuel Cut Cylinder #1 injector fuel cut ON/OFF Test possible while vehicle stopped and engine idling
    Control the Cylinder #2 Fuel Cut Cylinder #2 injector fuel cut ON/OFF
    Control the Cylinder #3 Fuel Cut Cylinder #3 injector fuel cut ON/OFF
    Control the Cylinder #4 Fuel Cut Cylinder #4 injector fuel cut ON/OFF
    Control the Cylinder #5 Fuel Cut Cylinder #5 injector fuel cut ON/OFF
    Control the Cylinder #6 Fuel Cut Cylinder #6 injector fuel cut ON/OFF
    Control the Cylinder #7 Fuel Cut Cylinder #6 injector fuel cut ON/OFF
    Control the Cylinder #8 Fuel Cut Cylinder #6 injector fuel cut ON/OFF
    Check the Cylinder Compression* Check the cylinder compression pressure ON/OFF Fuel injection and ignition stop in all cylinders

    Tech Tips

    *: When cranking the engine, each cylinder measures the engine rpm.

    In this Active Test, the fuel and ignition of all cylinders are cut, and cranking occurs for approximately 10 seconds. Then, each cylinder measures the engine rpm. If a cylinder's engine rpm is higher than the other, that cylinder's compression pressure is compared to the other, and is determined whether it is low or not.


    1. Warm up the engine.

    2. Turn the engine switch off.

    3. Connect the intelligent tester to the DLC3.

    4. Turn the engine switch on (IG) and turn the tester on.

    5. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Active Test / Check the Cylinder Compression.

      Tech Tips

      If the results are not displayed normally, select the display items from the Data List before performing the Active Test. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / Compression / Engine Speed of Cyl #1, Engine Speed of Cyl #2, Engine Speed of Cyl #3, Engine Speed of Cyl #4, Engine Speed of Cyl #5, Engine Speed of Cyl #6, Engine Speed of Cyl #7, Engine Speed of Cyl #8 and Av Engine Speed of All Cyl.

    6. While the engine is not running, press the RIGHT or LEFT button to change the Check the Cylinder Compression to ON.

      Tech Tips

      After performing the above procedure, the Active Test's Check the Cylinder Compression will start. Fuel injection for all cylinders is prohibited, and each cylinder's engine rpm measurement will enter standby mode.

    7. Crank the engine for approximately 10 seconds.

    8. Monitor the engine speed (Engine Speed of Cyl #1 to #8, Av Engine Speed of All Cyl) displayed on the tester.

      Tech Tips

      At first, the tester display will show each cylinder's engine rpm measurement to be extremely high. After approximately 10 seconds of engine cranking, each cylinder's engine rpm measurement will change to the actual engine rpm.

      Note


      • After the Active Test's Check the Cylinder Compression is turned ON, it will automatically turn off after 255 seconds.

      • When the Check the Cylinder Compression test is OFF and the engine is cranked, the engine will start.

      • If the Check the Cylinder Compression test needs to be performed after it is turned ON and performed once, press EXIT to return to the Active Test menu screen. Then perform the Check the Cylinder Compression test again.

      • Use a fully-charged battery.