ENGINE ON-VEHICLE INSPECTION

INSPECT ENGINE COOLANT QUALITY
1. Remove the radiator reserve tank cap.
  
  CAUTION:
  
  To avoid the danger of being burned, do not remove the radiator reserve tank cap while the engine and radiator are still hot. Thermal expansion will cause hot engine coolant and steam to blow out from the radiator.
2. Check for any excessive deposits of rust or scale around the radiator reserve tank cap and radiator filler hole. The coolant should be free of oil.
  
  If excessively dirty, replace the coolant.
3. Reinstall the radiator reserve tank cap.
INSPECT ENGINE OIL
1. Check the oil quality.
  1. Check the oil for deterioration, water contamination, discoloration or thinning.
2. Check the oil level.
  1. Warm up the engine, stop the engine and wait 5 minutes.
  2. Check that the oil level is between the upper level and lower level of the oil level gauge.
    
    If the oil level is low, check for leakage and add oil up to the upper level of the oil level gauge.
INSPECT BATTERY

CAUTION:

If the battery is weak or if the engine is difficult to start, perform the following procedures.
1. Check the battery for damage and deformation. If severe damage, deformation, or leakage is found, replace the battery.
2. Check the electrolyte level of each cell.
  1. For maintenance-free batteries:
    - If the electrolyte level is below the lower line, replace the battery.
    - If the electrolyte level is above the lower line, check the battery voltage when cranking the engine.
    - If the voltage is less than 9.6 V, recharge or replace the battery.
    Tech Tips
    
    Before checking the battery voltage, turn off all electrical systems (headlights, blower motor, rear defogger, etc.).
  2. For non-maintenance-free batteries:
    - If the electrolyte level is below the lower line, add distilled water to each cell. Then, recharge the battery and check the electrolyte gravity.
    Standard gravity
    
    1.25 to 1.29 at 20°C (68°F)
    
    If the electrolyte level is above the lower line, check the battery voltage when cranking the engine. If the voltage is less than 9.6 V, recharge or replace the battery.
    
    Tech Tips
    
    Before checking the battery voltage, turn off all electrical systems (headlights, blower motor, rear defogger, etc.).
INSPECT AIR CLEANER FILTER ELEMENT SUB-ASSEMBLY
1. Remove the air cleaner filter element sub-assembly.
2. Visually check that there is no dirt, blockage, or damage to the air cleaner filter element.
  Tech Tips
  - If there is any dirt or a blockage in the air cleaner filter element, clean it with compressed air.
  - If any dirt or a blockage remains even after cleaning the air cleaner filter element with compressed air, replace it.
CHECK ENGINE IDLING SPEED AND MAXIMUM SPEED

Note

Turn all electrical systems off.
1. Warm up and stop the engine.
2. When using the intelligent tester:
  1. Connect the intelligent tester to the DLC3.
  2. Turn the ignition switch to ON.
  3. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / Engine Speed.
    
    Tech Tips
    
    Refer to the intelligent tester operator's manual for further information regarding the selection of the Data List.
  4. Inspect the engine idling speed.
    
    Idling speed
    
    700 to 800 rpm
  5. Fully depress the accelerator pedal.
  6. Check the maximum speed.
    
    Maximum speed
    
    4500 to 4700 rpm
  7. Turn the ignition switch off.
  8. Disconnect the intelligent tester from the DLC3.
3. Text in Illustration
  
  *a Front view of DLC3
  
  When not using the intelligent tester:
  1. Install SST to terminal 9 (TAC) of DLC3, and then connect a tachometer.
    
    SST
    
    09843-18040
    
    Note
    
    Examine the terminal numbers before connecting them. Connecting SST to the wrong terminal can damage the engine.
  2. Turn the ignition switch to ON.
  3. Inspect the engine idling speed.
    
    Idling speed
    
    700 to 800 rpm
  4. Fully depress the accelerator pedal.
  5. Check the maximum speed.
    
    Maximum speed
    
    4500 to 4700 rpm
  6. Turn the ignition switch off.
  7. Disconnect the tachometer.
  8. Remove SST from terminal 9.

Standard gravity
1.25 to 1.29 at 20°C (68°F)

Idling speed
700 to 800 rpm

Maximum speed
4500 to 4700 rpm

Text in Illustration
*a	Front view of DLC3

Idling speed
700 to 800 rpm

Maximum speed
4500 to 4700 rpm

INSPECT COMPRESSION

Warm up and stop the engine.
Disconnect the cable from the negative (-) battery terminal.
w/ DPF:

Remove the No. 1 intake manifold insulator.
1. Remove the common rail Click here.
2. Remove the No. 1 intake manifold insulator.
3. Reinstall the common rail Click here.
w/ DPF:

Remove the 4 glow plugs Click here.
w/o DPF:

Remove the 4 glow plugs Click here.

Note

In order to avoid shorting the circuit of the wire harness connected to the No. 1 glow plug connector, wrap vinyl tape around the wire harness terminal portion.
Disconnect all connectors from the 4 injectors.
Connect the cable to the negative (-) battery terminal.

Torque:

5.4 N*m { 55 kgf*cm, 48 in.*lbf }
Crank the engine to remove foreign objects before measuring the compression.

Text in Illustration
*A	w/ DPF
*B	w/o DPF
*1	SST (Attachment)

Install SST (attachment) into the glow plug hole.

SST: 09992-00026 ( 09992-00121 )

Torque:: 13 N*m { 133 kgf*cm, 10 ft.*lbf }

Text in Illustration
*A	w/ DPF
*B	w/o DPF
*1	SST (Compression Gauge)
*2	SST (Attachment)

Connect SST (compression gauge) to SST (attachment).

SST: 09992-00026 ( 09992-00211 )

While cranking the engine, measure the compression pressure.

Standard pressure

2700 kPa (27.5 kgf/cm², 391 psi) or higher

Minimum pressure

2200 kPa (22.5 kgf/cm², 320 psi)

Difference between each cylinder

500 kPa (5.0 kgf/cm², 71 psi) or less
Note
- Use a fully-charged battery so that the engine speed can be increased to 250 rpm or more.
- Inspect the other cylinders in the same way.
- Measure the compression pressure in as short a time as possible.
If the cylinder compression is low, pour a light coat of engine oil into the cylinder through the glow plug hole, and then inspect it again.
Tech Tips
- If adding oil increases the compression, the piston rings and/or cylinder bore may be worn or damaged.
- If the pressure stays low, a valve may be stuck or seated improperly, or there may be leakage from the gasket.
Remove the compression gauge and SST.
Disconnect the cable from the negative (-) battery terminal.
Connect all connectors to the 4 injectors.
w/ DPF:

Install the 4 glow plugs Click here.
w/o DPF:

Install the 4 glow plugs Click here.
w/ DPF:

Install the No. 1 intake manifold insulator.
1. Remove the common rail Click here.
2. Reinstall the No. 1 intake manifold insulator.
3. Install the common rail Click here.