AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM SYSTEM DESCRIPTION


  1. GENERAL

    The air conditioning system has the following controls.

    Control Outline
    Neural Network Control This control is capable of performing complex control by artificially simulating the information processing method of the nervous system of living organisms in order to establish a complex input/output relationship similar to that of a human brain.
    Outlet Air Temperature Control Based on the temperature set by the temperature control dial, neural network control calculates outlet air temperature based on input signals from various sensors.
    Dual Control The temperature settings for the driver and front passenger are controlled independently in order to provide separate vehicle interior temperatures for the right and left sides of the vehicle. Thus, air conditioning that accommodates the occupants' preferences has been realized.
    Blower Control Controls the blower motor in accordance with the airflow volume that has been calculated by neural network control based on input signals from various sensors.
    Air Outlet Control Automatically switches the air outlets in accordance with the outlet mode that has been calculated by neural network control.
    In accordance with the engine coolant temperature, ambient air temperature, amount of sunlight, required blower, outlet temperature and vehicle speed conditions, this control automatically switches the blower outlet to foot/defroster mode to prevent the windows from becoming fogged up when the ambient air temperature is low.
    Air Inlet Control Automatically controls the air inlet control damper to help achieve the calculated outlet air temperature that is required.
    Drives the air inlet control servo motor according to the operation of the air inlet control switch and moves the dampers to the fresh or recirculation position.
    Compressor Control Through the calculation of the target evaporator temperature based on various sensor signals, the air conditioning amplifier optimally controls discharge capacity by regulating the opening extent of the compressor solenoid valve.
    The air conditioning amplifier assembly compares the pulley speed signals (transmitted by the lock sensor located on the compressor) with the engine speed signal (which are transmitted by the ECM (crankshaft position sensor)). When the air conditioning amplifier assembly determines that the pulley is locked, it turns off the magnetic clutch.*2
    Defroster Control Defroster control logic is used to improve defroster performance.
    PTC Heater Control*1

    When the engine is running, and the blower motor with fan sub-assembly is turned on, the air conditioning amplifier assembly turns on the quick heater assembly if the conditions listed below are met.


    • Engine coolant temperature is below specified temperature.

    • Outside temperature is below specified temperature.

    • Tentative air mix damper opening angle is above the specified value (MAX HOT).
    Rear Defogger Control

    Refer to Rear Defogger System.

    Click here

    ECO Mode Control When the combination switch assembly (ECO mode switch) is turned on, the air conditioning amplifier assembly limits the air conditioning system performance.
    Diagnosis A Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) is stored in memory when the air conditioning amplifier assembly detects a problem with the air conditioning system.
    Memory Call Control

    Memorizes the air conditioning settings when the engine switch is turned from on (IG) to off in accordance with the ID code of the electrical key transmitter sub-assembly that is used to operate the vehicle. The memory call control then recalls the settings of the electrical key transmitter sub-assembly used when the engine switch is turned on (IG). This function operates when both of the following conditions are met.


    • The driver door is unlocked using the unlock sensor, and then the driver door is opened.

    • Engine switch is turned on (IG).

    • *1: w/ PTC Heater

    • *2: w/o Stop and Start System

  2. NEURAL NETWORK CONTROL


    • In previous automatic air conditioning systems, the air conditioning amplifier assembly determined the required outlet air temperature and blower air volume in accordance with the calculation formula that has been obtained based on information received from the sensors.

      However, because the senses of a person are rather complex, a given temperature is sensed differently, depending on the environment in which the person is situated. For example, a given amount of solar radiation can feel comfortably warm in a cold climate, or extremely uncomfortable in a hot climate. Therefore, as a technique for effecting a higher level of control, a neural network has been adopted in the automatic air conditioning system. With this technique, the data that has been collected under varying environmental conditions is stored in the air conditioning amplifier assembly. The air conditioning amplifier assembly can then effect control to provide enhanced air conditioning comfort.

    • The neural network control consists of neurons in the input layer, intermediate layer and output layer. The input layer neurons process the input data of the outside temperature, the amount of sunlight and the room temperature based on the outputs of the switches and sensors, and output them to the intermediate layer neurons. Based on this data, the intermediate layer neurons adjust the strength of the links among the neurons. The sum of these is then calculated by the output layer neurons in the form of the required outlet temperature, solar correction, target airflow volume and outlet mode control volume. Accordingly, the air conditioning amplifier assembly controls the servo motors and blower motor in accordance with the control volumes that have been calculated by the neural network control.

    B005L1JE02

  3. MODE POSITION AND DAMPER OPERATION

    Mode Position and Damper Operation.

    B005PAAC01
    *A w/ PTC Heater - -
    *1 Driver Side Air Mix Control Damper *2 Front Passenger Side Air Mix Control Damper
    *3 Driver Side Side Defroster *4 Front Defroster
    *5 Front Passenger Side Side Defroster *6 Air Inlet Control Damper (Lower Side)
    *7 Air Inlet Control Damper (Upper Side) *8 Clean Air Filter
    *9 Blower with Fan Motor Sub-assembly *10 No. 1 Cooler Evaporator Sub-assembly
    *11 Air Mix Control Damper *12 Heater Radiator Unit Sub-assembly
    *13 PTC Heater (Quick Heater Assembly) *14 Mode Switching Damper
    *15 Driver Side Footwell Register *16 Front Passenger Side Footwell Register
    *17 Driver Side Side Register *18 Center Register
    *19 Front Passenger Side Side Register *20 Driver Side Rear Footwell Register
    *21 Front Passenger Side Rear Footwell Register - -
    *a Illustration Image View from [A] *b [A] View
    *c Recirculated Air *d Fresh Air
    Functions of Main Dampers
    Control Damper Operation Position Damper Position Operation
    Air Inlet Control Damper (w/ Smog Ventilation Sensor) FRESH A1, B1 Allows fresh air to enter.
    RECIRCULATION A2, B2 Causes internal air to recirculate.
    Air Mix Control Damper Temperature Setting: 16°C (61°F) to 30°C (86°F) C1 - C2 Varies the front passenger side mixture ratio of the fresh air and the recirculation air in order to regulate the temperature continuously from HI to LO.
    D2 - D1 Varies the driver side mixture ratio of the fresh air and the recirculation air in order to regulate the temperature continuously from HI to LO.
    Air Outlet Control Damper

    DEF

    B005L7B     		F, H, K Defrosts the windshield through the center defroster, side defrosters and side registers.

    FOOT/DEF

    B005QF7     		F, H, J to K Defrosts the windshield through the center defroster, side defrosters, side registers and rear center register, while air is also blown out from the front and rear footwell register ducts.

    FOOT

    B005PYI     		E, (E to F)*, H, J Air blows out of the front and rear footwell register ducts and side registers. In addition, air blows out slightly from the center defroster and side defrosters.

    B/L

    B005LJS     		E, G to I, J to K Air blows out of the front and rear center registers, side registers and front and rear footwell register ducts.

    FACE

    B005LXR     		E, G, K Air blows out of the front and rear center registers and side registers.

    • *: The automatic air conditioning system is operating.

  4. AIR OUTLETS AND AIRFLOW VOLUME

    The size of each circle ○ indicates the ratio of airflow volume.


    1. Air Outlets and Airflow Volume (for All Seat Control Modes).

      B005N8UN01
      Mode FACE FOOT DEF
      Center Side Rear Front Rear F
      A B C D E

      FACE

      B005LXR       		B005PWM B005PWM B005PWM B005PY2 B005PY2 B005PY2

      B/L

      B005LJS       		B005LO5 B005LO5 B005LO5 B005LO5 B005LO5 B005PY2

      FOOT

      B005PYI       		B005PY2 B005QCJ B005QCJ B005PWM B005LO5 B005QCJ

      FOOT/DEF

      B005QF7       		B005PY2 B005NQ0 B005NQ0 B005QCJ B005QCJ B005OMN

      DEF

      B005L7B       		B005PY2 B005NQ0 B005PY2 B005PY2 B005PY2 B005PWM

    2. Air Outlet and Airflow Volume (for Front Seat Control Modes).

      B005PCQN01
      Mode FACE FOOT DEF
      Center Side Rear Front Rear F
      A B C D E

      FACE

      B005LXR       		B005PWM B005PWM B005PY2 B005PY2 B005PY2 B005PY2

      B/L

      B005LJS       		B005LO5 B005LO5 B005PY2 B005LO5 B005PY2 B005PY2

      FOOT

      B005PYI       		B005PY2 B005QCJ B005PY2 B005PWM B005PY2 B005QCJ

      FOOT/DEF

      B005QF7       		B005PY2 B005NQ0 B005PY2 B005QCJ B005PY2 B005OMN

      DEF

      B005L7B       		B005PY2 B005NQ0 B005PY2 B005PY2 B005PY2 B005PWM

      • *: Airflow is stopped when the front passenger seat is not occupied.

  5. PARKING FRESH CONTROL (except China, G. C. C Countries)

    When 60 seconds have elapsed since the engine switch has been turned off, the air conditioning amplifier assembly uses control logic which automatically changes the air inlet to FRESH mode to purge undesired odors from the air conditioning unit.

    This logic will therefore reduce undesired odors upon starting the air conditioning system.

    B005LEOE10

  6. COMPRESSOR


    1. General:


      1. The compressor is a continuously variable capacity type in which its capacity can be varied in accordance with the cooling load of the air conditioning system.

      2. The compressor consists of a pulley, shaft, lug plate, swash plate, piston, shoe, crank chamber, cylinder, solenoid valve with built-in crank chamber to suction passage (CS) valve, oil separator and variable suction side throttle.

      3. The cooler compressor assembly has an A/C lock sensor that detects whether the compressor is locked.*


        • *: w/o Stop and Start System

      4. A solenoid valve is provided to enable the suction pressure to be controlled as desired.

      5. The crank chamber to suction passage (CS) valve, built into the solenoid valve, operates in accordance with the suction pressure.

      6. The oil separator is installed in the refrigerant passage to separate compressor oil from the refrigerant that is discharged. This helps to prevent the compressor oil from flowing into the air conditioning system and reducing cooling effectiveness.

    2. Solenoid Valve Operation:


      1. The crank chamber is connected to the suction passage. A solenoid valve is provided between the suction passage (low pressure) and the discharge passage (high pressure).

      2. The solenoid valve operates under duty cycle control in accordance with the signals from the air conditioning amplifier assembly.

      3. When the solenoid valve closes (solenoid coil is energized), a difference in pressure is created and the pressure in the crank chamber decreases. Then, the pressure that is applied to the right side of the piston becomes greater than the pressure that is applied to the left side of the piston. This compresses the spring and tilts the swash plate. As a result, the piston stroke increases and the discharge capacity also increases.

      4. When the solenoid valve opens (solenoid coil is not energized), the difference in pressure disappears. Then, the pressure that is applied to the left side of the piston becomes the same as the pressure that is applied to the right side of the piston. Thus, the spring elongates and eliminates the tilt of the swash plate. As a result, there is no piston stroke, and the discharge capacity is reduced.

    3. CS Valve Operation:


      1. The CS valve consists of passage A and passage B. If the vehicle is left parked for a long period, refrigerant may accumulate in the crank chamber due to the heat capacity difference.

      2. The solenoid control valve is controlled by the air conditioning amplifier assembly. While the compressor is operating, the solenoid control valve pushes down the CS valve rod and opens passage A.

      3. Under the above condition, only if the refrigerant accumulates in the crank chamber, the crank chamber pressure will become high. As a result, the bellows will contract because of the pressure difference with its internal pressure (vacuum), and opens passage B.

      4. This causes the accumulated refrigerant to be drawn in via passage A and passage B, clearing the accumulated refrigerant earlier and ensuring a more immediate cooling effect.

  7. ION GENERATOR SUB-ASSEMBLY (w/ Ion Generator)


    1. The ion generator sub-assembly operates when both the "nanoe" switch and the blower switch are on.

    2. The ion generator sub-assembly emits "nanoe" ions that are electrically charged and encapsulated with water. The ions are discharged into the cabin through the side register (driver side) to provide skin-friendly clean air.*

      CAUTION:

      Do not attempt to disassemble or repair the ion generator sub-assembly because it contains high voltage parts.

      Note

      Do not insert anything into the side register (driver side), attach anything to it, or use sprays around it. Doing so may cause the ion generator sub-assembly to not work properly.

      Tech Tips


      • *: According to the temperature and humidity conditions, fan speed and air outlet mode selected, the ion generator sub-assembly may not operate at full capacity.

      • When the ion generator sub-assembly operates, a small amount of ozone is emitted and may be faintly smelled in some situations. However, this is approximately the same as the amount that already exists in nature, such as in forests, and as such has no effect on the human body.

      • A slight noise may be heard during operation. This does not indicate a malfunction.

      B005LTNC01
      *1 Ion Generator Sub-assembly *2 "nanoe" Switch (Multi-display Assembly (for 8 Inch Display))
      *3 "nanoe" Switch (Accessory Meter Assembly (for 12.3 Inch Display)) - -
      *a Common Negative Ion *b "nanoe" Ion
      *c

      H2O

      		 *d Electron

      Tech Tips

      "nanoe" is a trademark of Panasonic Co., Ltd.

  8. A/C LOCK SENSOR (w/o Stop and Start System)

    The A/C lock sensor sends A/C pulley speed signals to the air conditioning amplifier assembly. The air conditioning amplifier assembly determines whether the A/C compressor is locked or not by using those signals and engine speed signals.

  9. AUTOMATIC RECIRCULATION CONTROL (w/ Smog Ventilation Sensor)


    1. When automatic recirculation control is operating, the air conditioning amplifier assembly automatically changes the air inlet mode to recirculation or fresh mode based on signals from the smog ventilation sensor, cooler (ambient temp. sensor) thermistor and cooler (room temp. sensor) thermistor when AUTO air inlet mode is selected.

      B005LQ4E01

      1. The air conditioning amplifier assembly detects harmful elements (CO, HC and NOx) in the air based on a smog ventilation sensor signal and automatically switches the air inlet mode to recirculation mode to prevent such harmful elements (CO, HC and NOx) from entering the cabin.

      2. The air conditioning amplifier assembly detects cabin temperature based on a room temperature sensor signal and automatically switches the air inlet mode to recirculation mode to prevent the cabin temperature from becoming too high.

      3. The air conditioning amplifier assembly detects the outside temperature based on an ambient temperature sensor signal and automatically switches the air inlet mode to fresh mode to prevent the windshield from fogging up.

        Note

        The smog ventilation sensor cannot detect elements such as the smoke from a bonfire or factory exhaust, foul or animal odors, and dirt or dust particles. Therefore, the air inlet mode is not switched automatically in accordance with those elements.

  10. NO. 1 COOLER THERMISTOR

    The No. 1 cooler thermistor detects the temperature of the cool air immediately after the evaporator in the form of resistance changes, and outputs it to the air conditioning amplifier assembly.

  11. BLOWER MOTOR WITH FAN SUB-ASSEMBLY

    The blower motor has a built-in blower controller, and is controlled using duty control performed by the air conditioning amplifier assembly.

  12. BUS CONNECTOR (AIR CONDITIONING HARNESS ASSEMBLY)


    1. Bus connectors are used in the wire harness that connects the servo motors to the air conditioning amplifier assembly.

      B005MD6C01
      *a Example *b

      Bus Connector

      (to No. 1 Air Conditioning Radiator Damper Servo Sub-assembly)
      *c

      Bus Connector

      (to No. 2 Air Conditioning Radiator Damper Servo Sub-assembly)

      		 *d

      Bus Connector

      (to No. 3 Air Conditioning Radiator Damper Servo Sub-assembly)
      *e

      Bus Connector

      (to No. 1 Blower Damper Servo Sub-assembly)

      		 *f to Air Conditioning Amplifier Assembly
      *g to No. 1 Cooler Thermistor - -

    2. Each bus connector has a built-in communication/driver IC which communicates with the air conditioning amplifier assembly, actuates the servo motor, and has a position detection function. This enables bus communication for the servo motor wire harness, for a more lightweight construction and a reduced number of wires.

      B005LM8E01

  13. SERVO MOTOR

    A pulse pattern type servo motor consists of a printed circuit board and a servo motor. The printed circuit board has three contact points, and can transmit two ON-OFF signals to the air conditioning amplifier assembly based on the difference of the pulse phases. The bus connector can detect the damper position and movement direction with these signals.

    B005N2DE09

  14. QUICK HEATER ASSEMBLY (w/ PTC Heater)


    1. General


      1. The quick heater assembly is located above the heater core in the air conditioning radiator assembly.

      2. The quick heater assembly consists of a PTC element, aluminum fins, and brass plates. When current is applied to the PTC element, it generates heat to warm the air that passes through the unit.

        B005LA1C01
        *1 Quick Heater Assembly *2 Brass Plate
        *3 PTC Element *4 Aluminum Fin

    2. Quick Heater Assembly Operating Conditions


      1. The quick heater assembly is turned on and off by the air conditioning amplifier assembly in accordance with the engine coolant temperature, ambient temperature, temperature setting, and electrical load (generator power ratio).

  15. ECO MODE CONTROL

    Under the control of ECO mode, the air conditioning amplifier assembly restricts the air conditioning system performance under specified conditions, thus improving fuel economy.

  16. COOLER (ROOM TEMP. SENSOR) THERMISTOR

    The cooler (room temp. sensor) thermistor detects the cabin temperature based on changes in the resistance of its built-in thermistor and sends a signal to the air conditioning amplifier assembly.

  17. COOLER (AMBIENT TEMP. SENSOR) THERMISTOR

    The cooler (ambient temp. sensor) thermistor detects the outside temperature based on changes in the resistance of its built-in thermistor and sends a signal to the air conditioning amplifier assembly.

  18. AUTOMATIC LIGHT CONTROL SENSOR

    The automatic light control sensor detects (in the form of changes in the current that flows through the built-in photo diode) the changes in the amount of sunlight and outputs these sunlight strength signals to the air conditioning amplifier assembly.

  19. AIR CONDITIONER PRESSURE SENSOR

    The air conditioner pressure sensor detects the refrigerant pressure and outputs it to the air conditioning amplifier assembly in the form of voltage changes.